台灣第五屆立法委員提案策略之研究

Abstract

本文將探討立法委員的提案策略，主要的原因是立委的提案一方面可以累積委員的立法問政績效，一方面也可以展現其所關心的議題、政策立場、與專業程度。但因委員本身及助理團隊的時間、精力、能力、與注意力有限，加上委員所從事的所有活動都是有成本的，因此並不是所有的委員都會很積極從事提案行為。另外，即使委員重視提案表現，也可能要考慮其中的成本與效益，因此委員提案是有策略的。 本研究假設委員提案會集中在行政院所提的某些法案上，因為行政院提案比較受重視，且若是重大或是有爭議的話，委員就比較容易在行政院所提的法案中，找到可以發揮之處，提出相關的法案就比較容易且較易被討論，而能獲得一定的曝光度。因此，本文提案策略分為兩類：第一類是立法委員的提案會跟著行政院提案而提出對案，另一類是委員自主提案。本研究會以提案數量與提案多樣性這兩層面來分析上述的提案策略。另外，本研究也會分析跟著行政院提對案與委員自主提案的關係為何？是屬於替代，還是相輔相成的關係？ 依據第五屆202位立法委員進行分析，本研究發現有三項：1、從提案數量發現，區域立委不論是總提案、跟著行政院提案及自主提案的數量上都比不分區立委與原住民多。另外執政黨立委數量比在野黨低；另外，立委的專業背景會影響民進黨立委的提案策略，而資深程度會影響在野黨的提案策略。2、從提案多樣性可以發現，區域立委、在野黨及專業背景立委在提案子議題的總數與自主提案的多樣性比較高。3、透過相關分析，可以發現跟著行政院提對案與自主提案的關係，不是替代關係，而是相輔相成的關係，即呈正相關。

This article discusses the proposal strategies of legislators (MPs). The main reason is that, on one hand, legislators' proposals can accumulate the MPs’ legislative performance and, on the other hand, show their concerns, policy positions, and professionalism. However, due to the limited time, energy, ability, and attention of the MPs and their staff, together with all of the activities performed by the MPs having their respective costs, not all members are able to actively engage in proposal behavior. In addition to this, even if the MPs were willing to pay attention to the proposal's performance, they still have to take into consideration the costs and benefits of such a proposal. Hence, a strategy for the proposal of bills is needed. This study assumes that MPs' proposals will focus on certain bills proposed by the Executive Yuan, because the Executive Yuan's proposals are considered more important. Also, if they are major or controversial, it is easier for MPs to propose a bill based on the Executive Yuan version, thereby making related bills also easily brought up and discussed. Therefore, in this study, legislators' proposals can be divided into two types: The first is a proposal based on the executive branch's proposal, and the second is an autonomous proposal by the legislator. This article will analyze the above proposal strategies in two ways: the number of proposals and the diversity of proposals. Furthermore, this research will analyze the relationship between the two types of proposals. Is it a substitute or a complementary relationship? This paper uses the Fifth Congress of Taiwan as an example; and there are three main findings. Firstly, from the number of proposals, it is found that the members of legislative districts proposed more bills than party-list and indigenous members in all types of proposals. Also, the number of ruling party legislators is lower than that of opposition parties. Moreover, the professional background of legislators will affect the proposal strategy of DPP legislators, while seniority will affect opposition parties' proposal strategy. Secondly, from the diversity of proposals, members of legislative districts, opposition parties, and legislators with professional backgrounds have a high diversity of all types of proposals. Thirdly, the numbers of these two types of proposals are positively correlated.