基礎設施、財產權、民主：從濁水溪搶水事件反思水權制度

Abstract

集集共同引水工程的建造，吸引了六輕、國光石化、中科四期工業區進駐濁水溪流域，且皆依循相同的用水模式：「工業缺水、農業支援」，一再引發濁水溪搶水事件。針對該事件，目前國內法律學者將其理解為「農業水權與工業水權之間爭奪」的問題，並主張以「保障農業水權」作為解決方法。 本文的目的，一方面指出，目前學者們的理論不僅無法解決，而且還延續了搶水的困境；另一方面發現，搶水事件實為「社會的異化疏離」的問題，而必須以「公共的自我認識」作為解決方法。 前述學者在研究中皆僅看到「水」，卻忽略了與水關係緊密的「基礎設施」。這層思維上的忽略，導致其學術活動生產出去脈絡的財產權（水權）知識。該水權知識並與水利基礎設施技術相搭配：在知識上，將水權分解、再重組，在技術上，便是將濁水溪的水分解、再重組。這套「知識—技術」（即現行水權制度）因而可以彈性地服務於去脈絡的社會經濟秩序，即恣意的農業與工業的分工型態。因此，濁水溪搶水事件實為失去脈絡與意義的異化危機。 面對該危機，本文認為必須重新找到「公共」（the public），即去探究「我們是誰」，把「我們」的脈絡與意義找回來。該探究須從承受搶水事件嚴重後果的彰化、雲林地方社群開始，並在具體的社群脈絡中，發展出一套「新水權知識—新水利基礎設施技術」，其目的為實現「我們」的社群生活以及公平公正的分工。而法律專家與學者應參與這「民主」的過程。

The construction of the Ji-Ji Conjunctive Diversion Project attracted No. 6 Naphtha Cracker Complex, Guo-Guan Petrochemical Company, and Central Taiwan Science Park Phase IV to settle in the Zhuoshui River Basin, and they all followed the same water use pattern: “When industry is short of water, Agricultural water support”, which repeatedly caused conflicts. In response to these conflicts, domestic legal scholars currently understand them as a problem of “the competition between agricultural water rights and industrial water rights” and advocate “protecting agricultural water rights” as a solution. This article points out that, on the one hand, current theories of scholars not only can’t solve, but also continue the dilemma of water conflicts; on the other hand, it is found that water conflicts are a problem of “social alienation”, which must be based on “public self-understanding” as a solution. The aforementioned scholars only saw “water” in their research, but ignored the “infrastructure” closely related to water. This ignorance of thinking has led to the production of decontextualized property rights–or water rights–knowledge in academic activities, which is matched with the operation of hydraulic infrastructural technology: in terms of knowledge, water rights are decomposed and reorganized; in terms of technology, the water in Zhuoshui River is decomposed and reorganized. This set of “knowledge-technology”–that is, the current water rights system–can thus flexibly serve the decontextualized social and economic order, which is the arbitrary division of labor between agriculture and industry. Therefore, the conflicts over Zhuoshui River are a crisis of losing context and meaning. Faced with this crisis, this article argues that “the public” must be found again. In other words, we have to identify “who we are” and find the context and meaning of “us”. The inquiry must start with the local communities in Changhua and Yunlin that have suffered the serious consequences of the water conflicts, and develop a set of “new water rights knowledge—new hydraulic infrastructural technology” in the specific community context. The purpose is to achieve “Our” community life and a fair and just division of labor. Legal experts and scholars should take part in this “democratic” process.