臺灣年輕醫師職家平衡之經驗：訪談研究

Abstract

目的：本研究旨在探討臺灣醫師在醫療工作與家庭照顧負荷產生衝突時的經驗與身心壓力感受，並探討醫師無法維持工作與家庭平衡（職家平衡Work-Life Balance）的原因以及其對身心健康的影響。 方法：深度訪談15位各層級醫師，以了解其職家平衡狀況。 結果：職場高壓、工作與家庭不平衡，對男女性醫師均產生身心健康危害，然而女性醫師可能同時肩負家庭照顧責任及工作職涯發展壓力，而面臨更多挑戰與身心健康影響，包含個人生涯選擇改變、醫療專業職涯調整，及不孕、早產、憂鬱等。 討論：醫師肩負全民健康照護重要角色。在高齡化、少子化、新興傳染病全球化的背景下，醫療職場管理者要讓醫師在高度工作負荷下能維持職家平衡。為了促進醫師執業環境的性別平權與工作家庭平衡，本研究提出以下政策建議：女性醫師於職場孕產福利之重要；年輕男女性醫師應多結交不同朋友，避免夫妻皆高工時工作或於婚前溝通；醫療職場應給經歷孕期及育兒之年輕男女性醫師更多工時及工作內容之彈性；主管機關由上而下帶頭示範部分彈性工時、托嬰托幼協助；提供個人層面的課程如冥想、正念思考、健康飲食等，促進職場溝通、鼓勵醫師維持職家平衡。

Objective: This study aims to explore the experience, physical and mental stress of physicians in Taiwan when there is a conflict between medical work and family care load, and to explore the reasons why physicians cannot maintain work-life balance and its impact on physical and mental health effects. Methods: Through literature review and interview research, in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 physicians at all levels regarding their work-family balance. Results: High pressure in the workplace and imbalance between work-life have caused physical and mental health hazards to both male and female physicians. However, female physicians may shoulder family care responsibilities and career development pressure at the same time, and face more challenges and health impacts, including personal life and career changes, infertility, premature birth, depression, and more. Discussion: Physicians play an important role in national health care. In the context of aging population, declining birth rate, and the globalization of infectious diseases, it is even more necessary for physicians to maintain work-life balance under high workload. In order to promote gender equality and work-life balance in the physician' s practice environment, this study puts forward the following policy recommendations: the importance of maternity benefits for female physicians in the workplace; young male and female physicians should make more friends from different group, avoid both couples working high hours or having communication before marriage; the medical workplace should give young physicians who have experienced pregnancy and childcare more flexibility in working hours and work content; the competent authority will take the lead in demonstrating partial flexible working hours and childcare assistance from top to bottom; provide individual-level courses such as meditation, mindful thinking, healthy diet, etc., promote communication in the workplace and encourage physicians to maintain a balance between work and life.