第九屆時代力量提案策略：以三個政策領域為例

Abstract

台灣的政治環境長久處於兩黨分贓狀況，因此小黨在議會之監督與行動便是十分重要的議題。歐洲在過去有許多與小黨相關之研究主題，但台灣在小黨提案行為之研究卻比較少，然，提案行為對於人數居於弱勢的小黨而言，是相對自主性較高的立法表現方式，因此本文想針小黨的提案策略進行探討。本文選擇時代力量作為研究對象，係其不論是起源背景或是行動模式皆有別於傳統小黨，且首次參選便成為國會席次數量第三多之政黨，而本文主要的研究問題為：時代力量的提案特色為何，以及時代力量的提案策略為何？

為了回答上述之問題，本文透過兩階段方法來分析其提案。第一階段是依據過去相關研究之方法，以「提案」為分析單位來探討時代力量所關注的政策領域和其他政黨是否有顯著差異，但結果顯示沒有明顯差異，故本文採取第二階段之分析。第二階段分析係以提案之「法規與條文」為分析單位，並細分成「提案類型」與「條文內容類型」，並以此分析「政府運作」、「外交與國際事務」、以及「人權議題」這三個政策領域之提案。

研究結果顯示，在「政府運作」中，時代力量有特別重視對公務員相關議題課責、對選舉相關規範更嚴格之立場、打造透明國會等與政黨理念息息相關之議題；而在「外交與國際事務」上，其提案的訴求與目的皆與時代力量對抗中國大陸勢力與捍衛「國家地位正常化」之政黨形象相扣；最後在「人權議題」中，所涉及的議題範圍跨足同性婚姻與相關衍伸權益之保障、政權侵害人權之權利回復議題、人民知情權、性別平等議題、公投權保障等符合其政黨形象之議題。

綜上所述，時代力量除了有透過提案在競選時所主張之政見議題，來回應支持者之需求外，也凸顯該黨有積極地藉由獨特提案特定法規或法條之方式，讓政黨與該議題聯繫在一起，希望能夠藉此建立議題所有權，且亦有把握大黨主動開啟議程之機會，對同法規下其他不滿之條文表達政黨立場，以此實踐政黨理念。

The political environment in Taiwan has long been in a situation where the two major political parties divide the spoils; therefore, the supervision and the action of minor political parties in the Taiwanese parliament, or the Legislative Yuan, becomes an important issue to discuss. Even though there is plenty of research that analyzed the bill initiation behavior of the minor political parties in Europe, this particular area of research is not common in Taiwan. In addition, the legislative behaviors of the minor political parties are relatively autonomous and different when compared to the major political parties. Thus, this paper would like to explore the bill initiation behavior and strategies of the minor political parties. This paper chooses to study the New Power Party (NPP) because it is different from other traditional minor political parties in Taiwan in terms of its background and its mode of action. Furthermore, NPP has become the third-largest political party in the Legislative Yuan in terms of the number of seats in just its first election appearance. The main research questions of this paper are: 1) what are the characteristics of the NPP’s bill initiation behavior, and 2) what are the bill initiation strategies of the NPP?

To answer the questions, this paper analyzes the NPP’s legislative proposals through a two-stage approach. The first stage is based on the methodology of the previous studies, using "proposals" as the unit of analysis to examine whether there are significant differences between the NPP and other political parties in terms of policy categories of concern. Interestingly, the result in the first stage suggested that there is no significant difference between the NPP and other political parties in terms of policy categories of concern. Because of this, this paper uses the second stage of analysis, which uses the "laws and articles" of the legislative proposals as the unit of analysis. To further analyze the three policy categories of "government operations," "international/cross-strait affairs," and "civil rights," this paper subdivided "laws and articles" into "types of proposals" and "types of articles.”

The result in the second stage showed that in "government operation," the NPP attaches special importance to the accountability of civil servants, the position of stricter election-related regulations, the creation of a transparent parliament, and other issues that are closely related to its party philosophy. In "international/cross-strait affairs," the main objective of the NPP's bill initiation strategies are to fight against the Chinese influence and defend the concept of Taiwan as an independent country. Lastly, in "civil rights," the bill initiated by the NPP spans across from the rights of same-sex marriage, the protection of human rights, gender equality issues, the protection of referendum rights, and other issues that are in line with the party image of the NPP.

In conclusion, the NPP has not only responded to the needs of its supporters by proposing the political issues that it advocated during the election, but it also highlighted the party's active efforts to establish issue ownership by uniquely initiating specific laws or articles that link the party to those particular issues. The result also suggested that the NPP would put its party philosophy into practice by taking the opportunity to express its party position on unsatisfactory provisions when the other two major political parties initiate legislative change in the policy categories that NPP concerns.