影響臺灣農業碳足跡盤查關鍵因素之研究

Abstract

產業面臨全球化挑戰必須要持續創新、轉型，但提升產能可能會增加地球暖化的風險。糧食生產的碳排放量佔溫室氣體總排放量的四分之一，農業生產更是食品供應鏈重要且關鍵的碳足跡。因應2040年全球升溫攝氏1.5度，唯恐重創農業，由農委會召開「邁向農業淨零排放策略大會」整理出減量、增碳匯、循環、綠能等措施，目標2050年全國要達成淨零排放(Net Zero Emissions)，主力農產要推行碳足跡標籤。2020年農業部門溫室氣體排放檢視值為6.157 MtCO2e，未達到第一期管制目標5.318 MtCO2e，臺灣應該要更積極盤查原因，才有機會接近達成第二期管制目標5.006MtCO2e。碳盤查是淨零的第一步也是非常重要的基礎，盤查過程的不確定性高，農業生產者必須在複雜的供應鏈中，嚴謹準確的計算所有過程所產出的溫室氣體排放量。經由問卷調查蒐集及彙整，結果顯示有84.5%的受訪者，認同低碳是農業生產關鍵，有66.67%已經開始投入流程改善以提升效能，有58.91%己進行廢棄物循環利用，由此可知受訪者已經自主性開始執行減碳行動。但受訪者僅8.53%已取得產品碳足跡標籤，原因為農業的特殊性及樣態不同。 本研究利用問卷調查方式，取得農企業主對於取得碳標籤的意願資料，透過數量分析結果，發現提升品牌形象及客戶要求，分別是影響願意持續取得碳標籤的第一重要和第三重要因素，建議農業產業應做好能源管理及數位轉型的準備，讓替代能源成為農業強大的綠色議價能力，增加產值。由目前未取得碳標籤受訪者調查得知，未來願意取得的重要關鍵是期望可以控制能源、降低成本，建議業者積極的找出熱點，循環再利用。此受訪的農業專家也一致認為政府補貼協助也很重要；可見政府支持能提升碳盤查意願，建議公部門應謹慎規劃補助計劃、教育訓練及完善的輔導機制，協助農業產業推行碳盤查及取得碳標籤。若能明確規範零售端及消費者減少食物浪費，可以減碳並減緩氣侯變遷，有助於達成農業碳中和目標。

Corporation has to keep innovating to deal with the challenges of globalization. Increasing production also comes with global warming issues. Carbon emission during food production shares a quarter of total greenhouse gas emissions. Especially, and a agriculture plays key role in the food supply chains. In response to the global warming of 1.5 degrees Celsius in 2040, it damages agriculture hardly. Taiwan announced that the whole country will achieve net zero carbon emissions in 2050, and the Agricultural Committee held a "Conference on Moving Towards Agricultural Net Zero Emissions" to sort out measures such as reduction, carbon enhancement sinks, cycles, and green energy, with the goal of achieving net zero emissions, and the main agricultural products should implement carbon footprint labeling. The value of greenhouse gas emissions in the agricultural sector in 2020 is 6.157 MtCO2e, which has not reached the first milestone target of 5.318 MtCO2e. It should be reviewed and accelerate carbon reduction。 Carbon footprint inventory is the first step and very important foundation of net zero. There are many uncertain matters during inventory process. Agricultural producers must calculate accurately the greenhouse gas emissions produced by all processes in the supply chains. According to the questionnaire, the results showed that 84.5% of the respondents agreed that low-carbon is the key to agricultural production, 66.67% have begun to invest in process improvement to improve efficiency, and 58.91% have carried out waste recycling, which shows that the respondents have begun to implement carbon reduction actions. However, the results found that only 8.53% of the respondents had obtained product carbon footprint labels. The livestock industry, which accounted for a significant proportion of agricultural carbon emissions, was only 1 respondent who had obtained carbon labels in the 11 respondents, accounting for 9.09%. These are caused by the particularity and different forms of agriculture. This study finds that enhancing brand image and customer requirements are the first and third most important factors affecting the willingness to continue to obtain carbon labels, respectively, and recommends that the agricultural industry should be prepared for energy management and digital transformation, so that alternative energy sources can become a strong green bargaining power in agriculture and increase output value. According to the survey of respondents who have not obtained carbon labels at present, the important key to the future is to expect to control energy and reduce costs, and it is recommended that operators actively identify hot spots and recycle them. Government subsidies were considered the second most important among the 129 agricultural expert respondents; It can be seen that the government's support can enhance the willingness of carbon inventory, and it is recommended that government agencies should carefully plan subsidy schemes, education and training and improve the counseling mechanism to assist the agricultural industry in implementing carbon inventory and obtaining carbon labelling. If we can clearly regulate the retail end and consumers to reduce food waste, we can reduce carbon and slow down climate change impact, which will help achieve the goal of carbon neutrality in the agricultural industry。