國民或難民？韓國政府對脫北者的初階安置援助

Abstract

本研究試圖分析南韓政府對於脫北者的收容政策。不論從短期或是長期的觀點來看，湧入南韓的移民者正在逐年增加。不過南韓政府對於脫北者的移民政策，卻是相當完善，舉凡從居住、社會福利、教育以及扶助政策等。那想當然，必定有數個原因造成南韓政府更加重視來自北韓的移民，其政策，相較於來自他國的移民來說，南韓政府對於北韓移民的政策規劃，是來的更加全面且完善的。 並且，南韓政府投入大量的社會資源在此，那勢必為一個值得參考的政策指標。本研究先假設南韓政府已經投入了大量的社會資源在協助北韓移民上，那有一個重要的研究方向是，南韓政府是受了哪些國家以及國內的因素驅動，才執行這些政策。簡言之，本研究試圖透過對比南韓政府收容北韓移民和其他國家移民時，其政策上的差異，並且釐清這些政策的要點，然後回答這些政策是如何受到國內以及國際因素所驅動的。

This thesis analyzes the South Korean government's initial resettlement assistance policy toward North Korean Defectors. The total number of inbound migrants to South Korea is constantly growing for both short-term and long-term migration patterns. The government’s settlement support programs for North Korean migrants are special comprehensive initiatives, comprising housing, social welfare, education, and other assistance. There must be compelling reasons behind how these policies were shaped, and why the current North Korean defectors initial resettlement assistance policy differs from other migrants’ policies within South Korea. Using valuable social resources efficiently are an essential policy implication. Typically, the receiving countries of immigrants bear high costs of resettlement. Suppose the South Korean government invests so much in supporting North Korean immigrants, on top of the cost of resettling other migrants: In that case, it will be significant to examine how specific policy is influenced by internal and external factors. This study aims to identify the characteristics of the South Korean government’s initial resettlement assistance toward North Korean defectors in comparison to other recognized refugees and how its policies are influenced by domestic and international factors.