論國家管制虛擬貨幣之正當性

Abstract

近年來金融科技不斷發展，虛擬貨幣屬於其中佼佼者。多數國家針對虛擬貨 幣制定相關管制措施，並在法學文獻上探討「如何管制」虛擬貨幣，本論文則以 國家「為何管制」虛擬貨幣切入，論述國家有何管制虛擬貨幣之正當性基礎。 經本論文研究，認為國家管制虛擬貨幣，屬於國家「經濟管制」任務之遂 行，又可依照虛擬貨幣是否具備法償效力，再將之細分為「金融監理政策」與 「貨幣政策」之遂行。 由於私人所發行之虛擬貨幣，多不具備法償效力，本論文以此探討國家管制 私人所發行之虛擬貨幣時，如何實現「金融監理政策」，並且在管制時，如何兼 顧發行者基本權利之保障。 國家所發行之虛擬貨幣，多具備法償效力，本論文以此探討國家自身發行虛 擬貨幣時，得以如何實現「貨幣政策」，並且說明在國家發行虛擬貨幣之情形， 務須注意人民金融隱私權、財產權之保障。

In recent years, financial technology has continued to develop, virtual currency is one of the best. Most countries have relevant control measures for virtual currency, and discuss "how to regulate" virtual currency in the legal literature. However, this article takes the country's "why the country regulates" virtual currency as the starting point, discuss the legitimate basis for the state's regulation of virtual currency. Through the research of this article, it is found that the state control of virtual currency belongs to the implementation of the national "economic control" task, and can be subdivided into the implementation of "financial supervision policy" and "monetary policy" according to whether the virtual currency has the legal effect or not. Since most of the virtual currencies issued by private individuals do not have the legal effect, this article aims to discusses how to achieve the "financial supervision policy" when the state controls the virtual currencies issued by private individuals, and how to take into account the protection of the fundamental rights of the issuer when controlling. The virtual currency issued by the state has the legal effect. This article aims to discuss how to achieve the "monetary policy" when the state issues virtual currency by itself. At the same time, this article explains how to protect financial privacy rights and property rights when nation issuing virtual currency.