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| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 林淑文(Shu-Wen Lin) | |
| dc.contributor.author | Ai-Hsin Pang | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 龎艾昕 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2022-11-25T03:05:56Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2026-10-26 | |
| dc.date.copyright | 2021-11-09 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2021 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2021-10-27 | |
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Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care 2012;11(5):273-276. DOI: 10.1177/1545109712454454. FDA. Bioanalytical Method Validation Guidance for Industry. 2018 (https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/bioanalytical-method-validation-guidance-industry). Cheng CN, Wu CC, Kuo CH, et al. Impact of High Plasma Concentrations of Linezolid in Taiwanese Adult Patients- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Improving Adverse Drug Reactions. J Formos Med Assoc 2021;120(1 Pt 2):466-475. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.06.011. Naranjo CA, Busto U, Sellers EM, et al. A Method for Estimating the Probability of Adverse Drug Reactions. Clinical Pharmacology Therapeutics 1981;30(2):239-245. DOI: 10.1038/clpt.1981.154. World Health O. Definitions and Reporting Framework for Tuberculosis – 2013 Revision: updated December 2014 and January 2020. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2013. Liao T-L, Lin C-H, Shen G-H, Chang C-L, Lin C-F, Chen D-Y. Risk for Mycobacterial Disease among Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis, Taiwan, 2001-2011. Emerg Infect Dis 2015;21(8):1387-1395. DOI: 10.3201/eid2108.141846. Yeh JJ, Wang YC, Sung FC, Kao CH. Rheumatoid Arthritis Increases the Risk of Nontuberculosis Mycobacterial Disease and Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis. PLoS One 2014;9(10):e110922. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110922. Farer LS, Lowell AM, Meador MP. Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in the United States. Am J Epidemiol 1979;109(2):205-17. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112675. Diagnostic Standards and Classification of Tuberculosis in Adults and Children. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2000;161(4):1376-1395. DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.161.4.16141. van Ingen J, Egelund EF, Levin A, et al. The Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Pulmonary Mycobacterium avium Complex Disease Treatment. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012;186(6):559-65. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201204-0682OC. Newman M, Foisy MM, Ahmed RA. The Use of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Complex Antituberculous and Antiretroviral Drug Dosing in HIV/Tuberculosis-Coinfected Patients. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2015;14(4):295-9. DOI: 10.1177/2325957414557269. Acocella G. Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Rifampicin. Clin Pharmacokinet 1978;3(2):108-27. DOI: 10.2165/00003088-197803020-00002. Tansey MJ, Moe JB. Severe Neutropenia and Prophylactic Doses of Rifabutin. Lancet 1996;348(9041):1592-3. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66217-4. Frumin J, Yunker N. Rifabutin-Induced Thrombocytopenia from Concurrent Use of High-Dose Fluconazole. Journal of Pharmacy Technology 2012;28(2):51-57. DOI: 10.1177/875512251202800203. Gonzalez-Montaner LJ, Natal S, Yongchaiyud P, Olliaro P. Rifabutin for the Treatment of Newly-Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis: a Multinational, Randomized, Comparative Study versus Rifampicin. Rifabutin Study Group. Tuber Lung Dis 1994;75(5):341-7. DOI: 10.1016/0962-8479(94)90079-5. Saran BR, Maguire AM, Nichols C, et al. Hypopyon Uveitis in Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Treated for Systemic Mycobacterium avium Complex Infection with Rifabutin. Arch Ophthalmol 1994;112(9):1159-65. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1994.01090210043015. Shafran SD, Deschênes J, Miller M, Phillips P, Toma E. Uveitis and Pseudojaundice during a Regimen of Clarithromycin, Rifabutin, and Ethambutol. MAC Study Group of the Canadian HIV Trials Network. N Engl J Med 1994;330(6):438-9. DOI: 10.1056/nejm199402103300616. Narita M, Hisada M, Thimmappa B, et al. Tuberculosis Recurrence: Multivariate Analysis of Serum Levels of Tuberculosis Drugs, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status, and Other Risk Factors. Clin Infect Dis 2001;32(3):515-7. DOI: 10.1086/318490. Kimerling ME, Phillips P, Patterson P, Hall M, Robinson CA, Dunlap NE. Low Serum Antimycobacterial Drug Levels in Non-HIV-Infected Tuberculosis Patients. Chest 1998;113(5):1178-83. DOI: 10.1378/chest.113.5.1178. | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/81891 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | "分枝桿菌可大致分為結核分枝桿菌和非結核分枝桿菌兩類,分別會造成結核病和非結核分枝桿菌感染。近幾年由於公共衛生政策對結核病的重視和執行,結核病的發生率和盛行率正逐漸下降。然而相反地,非結核分枝桿菌的感染,特別是肺部疾病,卻有逐漸上升的趨勢。其中,膿瘍分枝桿菌是最難治療的非結核分枝桿菌,因其對於多種抗生素本身即有抗藥性。因此,許多研究者正在努力尋找新的藥物,甚至是將舊有的結核病藥物重新再測試是否能對抗該菌。Rifabutin即為其中一種。它在體外試驗、動物實驗上都顯示對膿瘍分枝桿菌有效果。但由於使用rifabutin容易產生副作用,因此學者們也建議對rifabutin進行療劑監測。 在本論文中,第一部分將會呈現和討論目前治療膿瘍分枝桿菌肺部疾病的抗生素處方和臨床效果。接著在第二部分則會討論執行rifabutin療劑監測的結果。 第一部分:膿瘍分枝桿菌肺部疾病之抗生素處方及臨床效果 背景 膿瘍分枝桿菌為一群生長快速的非結核分枝桿菌,可能感染免疫低下的病人或者是免疫相對正常但有特定危險因子的病人。最常見的感染部位為肺部。膿瘍分枝桿菌肺部感染的治療需要在初始治療(initial phase)時使用至少三種抗生素,其中包含至少一種靜脈注射藥物,而接著在持續治療(continuation phase)時使用至少兩種口服(含吸入劑型)抗生素。由於膿瘍分枝桿菌本身對多種抗生素有抗藥性,在長期治療下也可能誘導出抗藥性基因,因此其治療效果大部分不盡理想。 雖然目前已有治療指引提出治療膿瘍分枝桿菌肺部感染時應使用靜脈注射藥物及多種抗生素併用,然而臺灣醫師在治療膿瘍分枝桿菌肺部感染時是否遵循治療指引建議仍未知,其相對應的治療效果也應同時評估。 研究目的 本研究目的為了解臺灣醫師在治療膿瘍分枝桿菌感染時的抗生素處方,並找到處方和治療成功率及副作用發生率的相關性。 研究方法 本研究為一回溯性觀察性研究,研究地點為臺灣的六間醫院,並納入在2006年到2020年期間被診斷且接受膿瘍分枝桿菌肺部感染治療的病人,若治療期間小於14天,則會被排除。病人的基本特性、微生物學及影像學資料、抗生素處方則由各間醫院的醫師和研究助理從病歷中擷取。我們使用了微調的微生物治癒定義:若病人有三套陰性檢體,或是在治療期間僅有一套陰性檢體,或是無法取得檢體但臨床症狀改善,則都定義為微生物學上的治癒。副作用也同時被記錄下來。 我們使用卡方檢定、費雪檢定和Mann-Whitney U test來比較兩組間的差異,並用單變項及多變項迴歸分析評估達到微調後微生物治癒的預測因子。同時使用ROC curve評估最終的模型,並利用Youden index來找到最終模型中各因子的最佳切點。 研究結果 本研究最終納入89位病人進行分析。其中29位(32.6%)為男性,診斷時的年齡中位數為61歲。34位病人(38.2%)在療程中有使用靜脈注射抗生素,而其中啟用靜脈注射抗生素的中位數為1天(1-49天),且24位(70.6%)在治療開始後28天內使用靜脈注射抗生素。接近全部(96.6%)的病人皆有使用巨環類抗生素(macrolides)。整體而言,平均治療期間為465.26 (± 498.5)天。共有42位(47.2%)達到微調後的微生物治癒。而32位(36%)病人在治療期間發生副作用。 我們發現早期使用靜脈注射抗生素有較高的勝算達到微調後的微生物治癒(aOR 8.577, 95%CI: 2.309-31.859),影像學分數和治療期間的勝算比則較低(aOR分別為0.827, 95%CI: 0.697-0.981和0.996, 95%CI: 0.996-0.999)。而啟用靜脈注射藥物的最佳切點為25天。 結論 早期使用靜脈注射抗生素可能較容易達到好的治療效果,而其切點為25天。病人的初始影像學分數較低及早期使用靜脈注射抗生素或許可以預測治癒的機率。未來若有更大型的前瞻性研究,將可以更確立治癒率和病人特性、微生物學及影像學證據、處方等之間的關聯性。 第二部分:Rifabutin之療劑監測 背景 Rifabutin為一rifamycin類抗生素,目前可以用在治療結核病及非結核分枝桿菌感染上。雖然rifabutin與rifampin相比,為一較弱的CYP3A4誘導劑,但仍然會和其他CYP3A4的受質、抑制劑和誘導劑產生交互作用,進而影響rifabutin的血中濃度。 過高的rifabutin血中濃度常和嗜中性白血球低下、白血球低下、血小板低下等血液方面的不良反應,甚至和葡萄膜炎相關。因此在過去關於結核病病人的研究中,建議將目標峰濃度訂在0.45-0.9 μg/mL。然而,rifabutin的療劑監測大多應用在HIV病人上,在其他族群的病人仍較少,故仍需更多的研究。 研究目的 本研究目的為監測臨床上病人服用rifabutin後的血中最高濃度,並評估濃度、副作用和臨床療效的相關性。 研究方法 本研究為一前瞻性的觀察性研究,研究地點為台大醫院,包括門診和住院病人,研究期間為2021年2月1日至2021年7月31日。20歲以上的病人在服用完rifabutin後七天可納入研究,並抽取服藥後3小時和6小時的血液檢體,使用HPLC進行分析。病人的基本資料和檢驗數據擷取自病歷,而副作用和臨床療效則會在整個療程中持續監測到療程結束後七天或直到2021年7月31日。藥物不良反應會藉由Naranjo scale來評估和rifabutin的相關性。兩組間的差異會藉由費雪檢定、卡方檢定和Mann-Whitney U test來比較,使用rifabutin前後的檢驗數值變化則會用Wilcoxon signed-rank test來評估。並利用簡單和複線性迴歸來尋找可能影響rifabutin C3的因子,最後使用羅吉斯迴歸來尋找副作用發生的預測因子。而rifabutin濃度的最佳切點則是使用自助抽樣法重複抽樣2000次來估計。 研究結果 在研究期間,共有13位病人加入研究,總共進行了21次的療劑監測。在這13位病人中,總共有13個C3、5個C6和2個C0濃度。所有濃度皆小於0.5 μg/mL,其中有7個濃度低於定量極限。在其他可定量的11個濃度中,平均C3和C6濃度分別為0.39 ± 0.07 μg/mL和0.28 ± 0.03 μg/mL。Rifabutin的中位數使用天數為65天(49-133天)。 複線性迴歸結果顯示體重、AST和C3有正相關。使用rifabutin前後的白血球中位數從5.9 k/μL(IQR:4.8-10.4)下降到4.6 k/μL (IQR:3.7-7.0)(p <0.05)。而利用自助抽樣法(bootstrap method)重複抽取的濃度來尋找和血液不良反應相關的C3濃度切點時,白血球下降的C3為0.395 µg/mL (95%CI: 0.382-0.429)。然而在單變項及多變項羅吉斯迴歸中,C3和其他因子都未發現和白血球低下、嗜中性白血球低下、血小板低下或其他副作用有相關性。 結論 我們開發並確效了rifabutin的血中濃度分析方法。此研究收納的病人群rifabutin濃度皆偏低。然而,此研究受限於樣本數小,且侷限於一間醫學中心。未來持續納入新使用rifabutin的病人,對於尋找影響濃度的因子及副作用發生的預測因子將更有幫助。 總結第一部分及第二部分 總結來說,由於非結核分枝桿菌感染盛行率越來越高,更複雜且個人化的治療在所難免。早期使用靜脈注射抗生素來治療膿瘍分枝桿菌肺部疾病可能會有較好的治療效果,而臨床上是否需要進行rifabutin的療劑監測仍需要更多的研究來證實。" | zh_TW |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2022-11-25T03:05:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 U0001-2610202110122700.pdf: 5928910 bytes, checksum: b319312b04c05d229a13417492de6787 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | "論文口試委員審定書...i 謝辭...ii 中文摘要...iii Abstract...xi Contents...xx Figure Contents...xxvi Table Contents...xxvii Part I:Antibiotic Regimens and Clinical Outcomes of Mycobacterium abscessus Complex Lung Diseases...1 1. Introduction...2 2. Literature Reviews...4 2.1 Introduction of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Lung Diseases...4 2.2 Clinical Outcomes of Mycobacterium abscessus Complex Lung Diseases...5 2.3 Current Treatment Guidelines...6 2.4 Adherence to Guidelines...8 3. Study Aim...13 4. Methods and Materials...14 4.1 Study Design and Study Site...14 4.2 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria...14 4.3 Data Collection...15 4.4 Outcome Definition...16 4.5 Other Definitions...17 4.6 Statistical Analysis...18 5. Results...19 5.1 Patient Recruitment Process...19 5.2 Patient Characteristics...20 5.2.1 Demographics...20 5.2.2 Comorbidities...22 5.2.3 Microbiologic and Radiographic Features...22 5.3 Prescription Patterns of Antimycobacterial Agent...24 5.3.1 Use of IV Antibiotics...25 5.3.2 Use of Oral Macrolides...28 5.3.3 Oral and Inhaled Antibiotics...29 5.3.4 Treatment Course...30 5.4 Clinical Outcomes...31 5.4.1 Microbiological Cure...31 5.4.2 Different Outcomes between Early and Late IV Antibiotics Uses...32 5.5 Adverse Effects...36 5.6 Factors Associated with Modified Microbiological Cure...38 5.6.1 Univariable Analysis for Modified Microbiological Cure...38 5.6.2 Multivariable Analysis for Modified Microbiological Cure...40 5.6.3 Sensitivity Analyses...41 5.6.4 ROC Curve Analysis...46 6. Discussion...48 6.1 Prescription Patterns...48 6.1.1 IV Antibiotics Use...48 6.1.2 IV Duration...49 6.1.3 Timing of IV Drug Initiation...50 6.1.4 Macrolides...51 6.1.5 Treatment Course...52 6.2 Clinical Outcomes...52 6.2.1 Microbiological Cure...52 6.2.2 Different Outcomes between Early and Late IV Antibiotics Uses...53 6.3 Factors Associated with Cure...54 6.3.1 Univariable Analysis and Multivariable Analysis...54 6.3.2 ROC Curve Analysis...56 6.4 Patient Population...56 6.5 Adverse Effects...57 6.6 Strengths and Limitations...58 6.7 Future Prospects...59 7. Conclusion...60 Part II:Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Rifabutin...61 1. Introduction...62 2. Literature Reviews...64 2.1 Introduction of Rifabutin...64 2.1.1 Mechanism of Action and Pharmacodynamic Properties...64 2.1.2 Pharmacokinetics...65 2.1.3 Indication and Dosage...67 2.1.4 Adverse Drug Reactions...70 2.1.5 Drug Interactions...70 2.2 Plasma Concentration of Rifabutin and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring...72 2.2.1 Dosage and Plasma Concentration...72 2.2.2 Adverse Drug Reactions and Plasma Concentration...74 2.2.3 Clinical Outcomes and Plasma Concentration...74 2.2.4 Dosage Adjustment...75 3. Study Aim...78 4. Methods and Materials...79 4.1 Study Design...79 4.2 Study Population and Study Site...80 4.3 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria...80 4.4 Data Collection...80 4.4.1 Patient Characteristics...80 4.4.2 Timing of Drug Administration and Blood Drawn...81 4.4.3 Adverse Effects...82 4.5 Analysis of Plasma Concentration of Rifabutin...82 4.5.1 Chemicals and Reagents...82 4.5.2 HPLC System...82 4.5.3 Standard Solutions, Spiked Standard Solutions and Calibration Standards...84 4.5.4 Sample Preparation...84 4.5.5 Method Validation...85 4.6 Analysis of Plasma Concentration of Rifabutin...87 4.7 Evaluation of Adverse Drug Reactions...88 4.7.1 Adverse Drug Reactions Probability...90 4.8 Clinical Outcomes Evaluation...91 4.9 Statistical Analysis...93 5. Results...94 5.1 Method Validation...94 5.2 Patient Recruitment Flow...98 5.3 Patient Characteristics...99 5.3.1 Demographics...99 5.3.2 Lab Data...102 5.3.3 Indication, Infection Sites and Pathogens...103 5.3.4 Treatment Duration...104 5.3.5 Rifabutin Dosage and Concentration...105 5.3.6 Differences between NTM- and TB-infected Patients...109 5.4 Factors Associated with Concentration...111 5.4.1 Rifabutin C3 and Influencing Factors...111 5.4.2 Sensitivity Analyses...113 5.4.3 <LLOQ and >LLOQ...117 5.5 Factors Associated with Adverse Effects...119 5.5.1 Evaluation of Adverse Effects...119 5.5.2 Concentrations and Adverse Effects...121 5.5.3 Lab Data Change Before and After Initiation of Rifabutin...124 5.5.4 Logistic Regression of Hematologic Adverse Effects...125 5.5.5 Optimal Cutoff Value for Rifabutin C3...135 5.5.6 Other Adverse Effects...136 5.6 Clinical Outcomes and Rifabutin Concentration...140 6. Discussion...142 6.1 Method Validation...142 6.2 Patient Characteristics...143 6.3 Plasma Concentration of Rifabutin...145 6.3.1 Concentration Distribution...145 6.3.2 Delayed Absorption...146 6.3.3 Interpatient and Intrapatient Variability...146 6.4 Factors Associated with Plasma Concentration of Rifabutin...147 6.5 Factors Associated with Adverse Effects...148 6.5.1 Hematologic Adverse Effects...148 6.5.2 Other Adverse Effects...151 6.6 Factors Associated with Clinical Outcomes...152 6.7 Strengths and Limitations...152 6.8 Future Prospects...153 7. Conclusion...154 References...155 Supplements...169" | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.subject | 療劑監測 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 臨床效果 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 藥物不良反應 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 早期使用 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 靜脈注射抗生素 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | Rifabutin | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 非結核分枝桿菌 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 膿瘍分枝桿菌肺部感染 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 結核菌 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | adverse effects | en |
| dc.subject | Mycobacterium abscessus complex lung diseases | en |
| dc.subject | nontuberculous mycobacteria | en |
| dc.subject | intravenous antibiotics | en |
| dc.subject | early initiation | en |
| dc.subject | clinical outcomes | en |
| dc.subject | Rifabutin | en |
| dc.subject | tuberculosis | en |
| dc.subject | therapeutic drug monitoring | en |
| dc.title | 分枝桿菌感染: 第一部份:膿瘍分枝桿菌肺部疾病之抗生素處方及臨床效果 第二部份:Rifabutin之療劑監測 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | Mycobacterial Infections: Part I:Antibiotic Regimens and Clinical Outcomes of Mycobacterium abscessus complex Lung Diseases Part II:Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Rifabutin | en |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 109-2 | |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 郭錦樺(Hsin-Tsai Liu),王振源(Chih-Yang Tseng),樹金忠 | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 膿瘍分枝桿菌肺部感染,非結核分枝桿菌,靜脈注射抗生素,早期使用,臨床效果,Rifabutin,結核菌,療劑監測,藥物不良反應, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | Mycobacterium abscessus complex lung diseases,nontuberculous mycobacteria,intravenous antibiotics,early initiation,clinical outcomes,Rifabutin,tuberculosis,therapeutic drug monitoring,adverse effects, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 170 | |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU202104202 | |
| dc.rights.note | 同意授權(全球公開) | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2021-10-27 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 醫學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 臨床藥學研究所 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.embargo-lift | 2026-10-26 | - |
| 顯示於系所單位: | 臨床藥學研究所 | |
文件中的檔案:
| 檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| U0001-2610202110122700.pdf 此日期後於網路公開 2026-10-26 | 5.79 MB | Adobe PDF |
系統中的文件,除了特別指名其著作權條款之外,均受到著作權保護,並且保留所有的權利。
