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| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 陳宏宇(Hongey Chen) | |
| dc.contributor.author | Jui-Ming Chang | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 張睿明 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2022-11-25T03:05:48Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2023-12-31 | |
| dc.date.copyright | 2021-12-14 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2021 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2021-12-06 | |
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| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/81885 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | "本研究運用11個位於橫貫公路的岩坡破壞案例(北橫:1個; 中橫:4個; 南橫: 6個)，搭配13個臺灣寬頻地震網以及氣象局屬之測站，以及12個暫時性的地動監測站之資料來針對(1)案例定位、(2)訊號源分類、(3)量體推估，以及(4)時頻圖推估運動過程等議題進行探討。在定位方面運用相互相關函數法與振幅震源定位法，同時採用水平向與垂直向地動訊號，並依照5km定位標準差的門檻，可以將岩坡破壞案例的定位品質分為A、B、C三類，結果顯示，定位品質為A或B兩類的共有六個案例，其定位誤差最大為3.19km，因此，若有案例的定位品質為B以上，顯示該定位為可信賴之結果，另外，由於頻繁的地震事件也會有較佳的定位展現，所以需要進一步釐清訊號源的歸屬，本研究發現岩坡破壞訊號的延時受控於整體的運動過程，該現象會使得其地震持續時間規模(MD)的數值大於芮氏規模(ML)，藉由分析11個岩坡破壞案例與10個地震事件後，發現規模比(ML/MD)為0.85能有效的區分上述兩種不同的震動源。接著，本研究利用岩坡破壞目錄所提供之量體(V)與岩坡破壞之芮氏規模(ML)和震源位置處的振幅值(A0)來建立回歸關係式，得V=40,756A00.27和 Log(V)=0.67ML+3.49，上述兩迴歸式適用的量體推估範圍介於2,000m3至60,000m3之間。最後，結合案例的時頻圖與影片後發現，當大量的破壞材料(>5,000m3)順著邊坡向下運動時，時頻圖會出現低於2Hz的訊號;而當大塊體直接墜落於路面/坡面時，時頻圖會出現頻帶範圍固定，延時介於5至10秒的柱狀表徵，若塊體持續向下運動，則訊號頻帶的範圍會隨著塊體堆積而逐漸地縮小; 落石的彈跳以及墜落於路面，則會於時頻圖產生延時短暫的脈衝狀訊號，藉由頻帶固定且重複的脈衝狀特徵，或者是密集排列的脈衝狀訊號，可以知道落石是屬於單一岩塊於坡面彈跳，亦或是持續不斷的落石墜落案例。根據上述流程，針對未來發生的岩坡破壞案例，搭配即時訊號，便可以快速的進行定位分析、訊號源辨識、推估破壞的量體，以及從時頻圖判讀破壞材料的運動過程。 然而，上述安裝於集水區流域內的地動監測網，僅適用於監測大於2,000m3量體的岩坡破壞案例，並無法針對小量體的落石案例進行監測，因此，本研究利用重複性的現地落石試驗，以及工務段所施作的攔石網試體試驗之資料來了解(1)量體推估、(2)攔石網試驗之地動訊號特性，以及(3)落石軌跡等三項議題。在量體推估方面，本研究發現試驗塊體重量與運動過程中訊號的頻率最低值具有關係性存在，但需要考慮使用測站周圍的地質材料是否一致，因為當撞擊物不一致時，會使得最低頻率產生改變，而降低迴歸式中的相關性。另外，從工務段攔石網試驗，得知試體於坡面彈跳產生的訊號頻率約介於18.94 Hz至25.78 Hz之間，會低於試體撞擊攔石網之頻率29.68 Hz至33.98 Hz。最後，本研究同樣將振幅震源定位法運用於落石軌跡的議題，結果發現該方法較不適用於落石於坡面彈跳點的定位，且產生誤差的原因主要受控於震波傳遞之路徑響應的影響，但對於落石墜落於地面的位置，僅運用架設於地面之地動測站，定位的結果和真實下落位置具有4.6m的誤差。為了進一步釐清落石於坡面上運動之軌跡，本研究利用位於落石運動區域與遠離試驗區的地動測站之高頻訊號(>70Hz)的比值(R)，該數值的突跳可反應出塊體的彈跳行為，因此，突跳的間隔即為兩彈跳間的時間差，而當一測站之高頻訊號的R值持續上升，代表落石的運動方向逐漸接近該測站，反之，則為遠離。低頻訊號(<40Hz)的R值對於地面測站而言，則可以清楚的反應最後掉落地面產生的訊號。從11個岩坡破壞案例與重複性實驗之結果，證實運用地動監測技術能有效且即時運用在監測道路岩坡破壞，同時也能針對高潛勢落石邊坡進行監測。 " | zh_TW |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2022-11-25T03:05:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 U0001-1310202121112400.pdf: 49099299 bytes, checksum: e622feaed867dcc9981593e5d9d79820 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 目錄 致謝 i 摘要 ii Abstract iv 目錄 vi 圖目錄 ix 表目錄 xiii 符號表 xiiiv 第一章、緒論 1 1.1 前言 1 1.2 研究目的 2 第二章、文獻回顧 4 2.1 山崩分類 4 2.2臺灣的岩坡破壞案例 8 2.3崩塌與岩坡破壞之地動訊號相關研究 11 2.4地動訊號監測技術相關方法 15 2.5現地落石試驗相關研究 20 第三章、研究區域及背景介紹 23 3.1立霧溪集水區流域 23 3.2新武呂溪集水區流域 26 3.3 臺九線蘇澳段 29 3.4岩坡破壞事件目錄 31 3.4.1北部橫貫公路 31 3.4.2中部橫貫公路 34 3.4.3南部橫貫公路 35 第四章、岩坡破壞之監測 41 4.1地動監測網 41 4.2研究方法 44 4.2.1時頻圖的判釋 44 4.2.2相互相關分析法 48 4.2.3振幅震源定位法(ASL) 50 4.2.4定位之品質與地動參數 52 4.2.5芮氏規模與地震持續時間規模 53 4.3研究步驟 56 4.4岩體破壞案例之分析結果 60 4.4.1定位品質 60 4.4.2規模比之結果 66 4.4.3岩坡破壞量體推估 70 4.4.3時頻分析 72 4.5岩體破壞之討論 89 4.5.1不同區域之震波衰減特性 89 4.5.2震源最大振幅值(A0)之誤差 92 4.5.3定位精準度之影響 94 4.5.4地動觀測網之偵測極限 97 4.5.5實際運用案例 99 第五章、邊坡之落石試驗 104 5.1試驗背景介紹 104 5.1.1臺九丁9.8K 104 5.1.2臺九丁12.5K 112 5.1.3臺九線117.4 K 114 5.2研究方法 117 5.2.1落石運動行為 117 5.2.2時頻分析 117 5.3落石試驗結果 121 5.3.1塊體重量與地動訊號相關性 121 5.3.2臺九丁12.5K試體攔石網試驗 126 5.3.3臺九線117.4K攔石網試驗 130 5.4落石試驗討論 132 5.4.1保齡球自由落體試驗 132 5.4.2影響地動訊號之因子 135 5.4.3彈跳與落地點定位 142 5.4.4落石軌跡與地動振幅值 144 5.4.5落石模擬 149 5.4.6落石運動的動能與能量損耗 153 第六章、結論與建議 157 6.1岩坡破壞 157 6.2落石試驗 158 6.3建議 159 參考文獻 160 附錄一 各案例時頻圖 170 附錄二 臺九丁9k+800試驗場各測站位置與距離 174 附錄三 PFC落石模擬與參數設定 175 附錄四 博士學位考試口試委員提問與回覆對照表 176 | |
| dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
| dc.subject | 地動監測技術 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 落石 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 落石試驗 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 時頻圖表徵 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 岩坡破壞 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | seismic monitoring | en |
| dc.subject | rockfall experiment | en |
| dc.subject | spectrogram feature | en |
| dc.subject | rockfall | en |
| dc.subject | rock slope failure | en |
| dc.title | 地動監測技術對於岩坡破壞案例與落石試驗之運用 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | The application of seismic technique for rock slope failures and rockfall experiments | en |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 110-1 | |
| dc.description.degree | 博士 | |
| dc.contributor.author-orcid | 0000-0003-1552-2744 | |
| dc.contributor.coadvisor | 趙韋安(Wei-An Chao) | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 吳逸民(Hsin-Tsai Liu),林銘郎(Chih-Yang Tseng),林正洪,董家鈞,陳建志 | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 地動監測技術,岩坡破壞,落石,時頻圖表徵,落石試驗, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | seismic monitoring,rock slope failure,rockfall,spectrogram feature,rockfall experiment, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 182 | |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU202103708 | |
| dc.rights.note | 同意授權(全球公開) | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2021-12-07 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 理學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 地質科學研究所 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.embargo-lift | 2023-12-31 | - |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 地質科學系 | |
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