移居女農的情感與身體體現： 宜蘭另類農食網絡下的返土歸農

Abstract

在台灣當代的新農返土浪潮中，可以發現為數不少的農業移居社群，憑藉著 在鄉村農業生活中感悟的生活，重新轉譯與反轉農業在鄉村作為糧食生產的價值， 不僅在環境教育、環境倫理與永續生活上開發與賦予新的意涵，更讓人重新學習 人與自然合作共處的可能。 除了農業的價值被創新開發，更有為數不少的都會女性，不同於以往的離農 女性，反其道而行移居鄉村。但是在鄉村傳統異性戀結構與在地社群的階層化下， 女性不僅在空間分工上受到傳統的規範，公共參與尚有少有決策影響力。而當代 多數鄉村的主流意見，仍以經濟開發、工業化生產的角度來治理鄉村，未充分考 慮到受高等教育的世代，已傾向後工業社會的生活方式和價值觀，移居女性來此 如何安居就成為了從私領域到公領域的大哉問。 當女性移居者，透過移居鄉村生活，習得與自然共處並透過自耕自食滋養自 我、甚至在鄉村與自然中自得其樂，結社共享、自處或養育下一代。「返土歸農」 在以血緣為基礎的非都會生活中，更顯得社會變遷的特殊性。本研究在返土運動 的政治經濟脈絡下，關注與「返土歸農」女性互動的鄉村社會，以及城鄉關係的 轉變。研究以「女性主義政治生態學」作為研究途徑，透過深度訪談與參與觀察 理解此返土實踐的動力。研究中發現，「返土歸農」女性與自然、返土社群的共 處合作，在另類農食網絡的脈絡下透過積極參與環境、食安相關的社會倡議、農 食教育，甚至是體制外的實驗教育，找回原先在都市生活中失去的健康福祉，並 在公共領域上增加其影響力。

This research examines the motivations of the women of “back-to-the-land” migrants and sustainable smallholder farmers self-identified as “friendly farming” how they actively involved in alternative agri-food networks in Taiwan. Contemporary back-to-the-land women migrants in Yilan embody a wide spectrum of personal and professional backgrounds, complicating attempts to generalize their tendency for adopting farming and their later experiences in rural areas. Certain commonalit ies endure, notwithstanding, including a discomfort with city life and the hope of health, well-being and greater freedom in the countryside. Drawing from interviews with “back-to-the-land” women migrants situated between a metropolitan and rural area of Taiwan, it argues that they learn to live with nature and nourish themselves by starting up their business with alternative agri-food networks. 'Back-to-the-land' lifestyle in the rural based on blood relation, are more particular than urban life in Taiwan. In this context, this study focuses on the rural society interacting with 'back-tothe- land' women migrants and the transformation of urban-rural relations. The study uses 'feminist political ecology' as a research approach, and understands the motivation of “back-to-the-land” movement through in-depth interviews and participation observation. Drawing from Foucault’s ethics of self-care, these motivations express a liberatory transformation of self that is also radically responsible to others and expressive of a post-capitalist politics. Feminist care ethics contributes to feminist political ecology by focusing upon the social relations of caring practice, and also revealing how self-care is ethically embodied and politically transformative in the case of 'back-to-the-land' women migrants active in alternative agri-food networks in Taiwan.