中國大陸行政復議制度與我國訴願制度之比較研究

Abstract

中國大陸行政復議制度與我國訴願制度均屬行政救濟之一環，為人民在行政體系內尋求行政救濟以及行政系統內部自我審查及糾錯之制度設計，惟兩岸自1949年分治以來，在不同之政治制度下，所採行之法律制度必然有所不同之處，本文乃就現行行政體系內之行政救濟制度，就中國大陸行政復議制度與我國訴願制度作一比較分析。 本文除析述中國大陸行政復議制度與我國訴願制度之建立始末，並就我國訴願法與中國大陸行政復議法之立法沿革、修正趨勢為完整介紹外，並就中國大陸行政復議案件與我國訴願案件進行之整體程序，分章就提起行政復議（訴願）之主體、受理之範圍（對象）、審理案件之組織、受理案件之管轄機關及審理案件決定之種類等層面從法規範、學說及實務見解分別予以析論，並藉由筆者曾經實際從事我國訴願實務工作之經驗，就中國大陸行政復議制度與我國訴願制度予以比較研究，探討其中異同之處以及相異之處可否適合為對方相互仿效及借鏡之可能。 最後，則就兩者制度比較分析後提出相關之研究發現，並就我國訴願制度提出相關修正的建議，祈有助益兩岸訴願及行政復議制度之認識與交流，並作為後續研究者之參考。

Both administrative reconsideration system of Mainland China(PRC) and administrative appeal system of Taiwan (ROC) are one apartment of administrative remedies system, for the people to seek internal administrative remedies and administrative systems within the administrative system of self-censorship and error correction. Since 1949, two systems develop separated under the political situation and must have different definitely.This paper is based on current internal administrative remedies and compares both systems between administrative reconsideration system of Mainland China (PRC) and administrative appeal system of Taiwan (ROC). This paper starts at the establishment of administrative reconsideration system of Mainland China (PRC) and administrative appeal system of Taiwan (ROC) on the view of legislative history and correction trending to description overall, then separated by main project of reconsideration (appeal) , range (object) of acceptance, origination to hear cases, levels of management and hearing cases to prove and analyze within academy and real experiences. Also, the paper would to compare two systems in the same and differents, might to prove the ability if two systems could be emulated and learned. Final, the paper would propose of the studies of two systems and suggestions of administrative appeal system of Taiwan, hopeful to beneficial on the knowledge exchange of administrative reconsideration system and as a reference for other researchers.