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| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 許雅儒(Ya-Ju Hsu),吳逸民(Yih-Min Wu) | |
| dc.contributor.author | Chi-Hsien Tang | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 唐啓賢 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2022-11-23T09:16:25Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2021-08-04 | |
| dc.date.available | 2022-11-23T09:16:25Z | - |
| dc.date.copyright | 2021-08-04 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2021 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2021-07-29 | |
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| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/79912 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | "在地震周期之間，岩石圈內部的應力與應變隨著時間的積累與消散和岩石圈的流變性質息息相關。雖然藉由岩石力學潛變試驗可以了解在實驗室條件之下的岩石流變性質，現地自然條件之下的岩石流變性質仍然需要透過其他方法來加以釐清。有別於實驗室岩石潛變試驗，大地測量學觀測如全球導航衛星系統（Global Navigation Satellite System, GNSS）可以長時間追蹤由大地震同震應力擾動所引起的暫態地殼變形，藉以反推岩石在現地條件下的流變性質。為了模擬大地震後的震後變形，本研究設計了新穎的運動學反演模型，由地表觀測位移同時反算同震斷層面上的震後滑移以及岩石圈中的非彈性應變張量。新方法有別於常見的正演模型，不需要事先決定岩石圈的流變機制或參數，而是利用觀測資料來直接探索岩石圈的流變性質。本研究中採納新方法研究兩個震矩規模大於7的地震所引起的震後變形，分別是1999年臺灣集集地震震後14年的震後變形，以及2010年墨西哥El Mayor Cucapah地震震後8年的震後變形。兩次地震的震後變形皆可以由同震滑移面之延伸上的震後滑移以及下部地殼內的黏彈性變形所解釋。下部地殼的強度在主震過後被立即弱化，並在隨後數年內逐漸增強，有效黏滯係數的變化範圍大約為10^18 Pa s至10^20 Pa s之間。這些模型顯示瞬態潛變（transient creep）、穩態位錯潛變（steady-state dislocation creep）、以及下部地殼流變性質的橫向變化對於震後變形的模式皆扮演了一定的角色。本研究顯示透過大地測量學觀測資料及運動學反演，探索現地岩石圈流變特性之潛力。 在測站空間包覆性良好的狀態之下，大地測量學己經可以對陸地斷層系統及岩石圈流變特性有較佳之約制，但是對於大尺度的隱沒帶構造，例如台灣東北部的琉球及南部的馬尼拉隱沒帶，若沒有海床變形的資料仍然無法窺知全貌。因此，本研究亦分析了中央研究院地球科學研究所在臺灣東北外海蒐集的海底大地測量資料，將臺灣的地殼變形觀測自陸域延伸至海域，為後續隱沒帶相關研究奠立基石。海底大地測量結合動態GNSS和音響測距（GNSS-A）來求取海床相對陸域GNSS參考站之位移。本研究制定了一種非線性反演方法分析2012-2020年於臺灣東北外海的兩個海床測站所蒐集到的觀測資料。兩個海床測站分別為位於沖繩海槽內的OILN，以及位於南澳海盆內的OHUA。結果顯示，OILN相對於澎湖白沙的變形速率為52.3 ± 7.0 mm/yr，方位角為168 ± 7°。OHUA相對於澎湖白沙的變形速率則為45.2 ± 12.2 mm/yr，方位角為219 ± 16°。此外，本研究亦發現兩個測站的海水聲速構造皆具有顯著的週期性振盪，其週期大約為12小時，很可能是由臺灣鄰近海域中盛行的半日內潮所控制。這些分析表明GNSS-A觀測資料不僅能研究海底地殼的變形，亦具備探索海洋物理相關現象的潛力。" | zh_TW |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2022-11-23T09:16:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 U0001-2907202102485500.pdf: 28815100 bytes, checksum: 12921397bae68fd2fa13e465844ad90c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 口試委員會審定書…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………I 誌謝……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………II 中文摘要……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………III Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………V Contents…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………VII List of Figures………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………IX List of Tables…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………XI Chapter 1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………1 1.1 Motivation……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2 1.2 Purpose……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3 1.3 Contents of dissertation………………………………………………………………………………………………………………4 Chapter 2 Rock creep experiments in nature: Exploring rheology in the lithosphere from the postseismic deformation of large earthquakes…………………7 2.1 Methodology…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………8 2.1.1 GNSS postseismic time series analysis…………………………………………………………………8 2.1.2 Joint kinematic inversion for afterslip and viscoelastic flow…10 2.1.3 Spring-dashpot models……………………………………………………………………………………………………………11 2.2 Case study: Taiwan………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………13 2.3 Case study: Southern California……………………………………………………………………………………………16 Chapter 3 Seafloor deformation in offshore northeastern Taiwan revealed by GNSS-A measurements……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………35 3.1 GNSS-A observations……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………36 3.1.1 Site OILN……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………37 3.1.2 Site OHUA……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………37 3.2 Seafloor positioning algorithm………………………………………………………………………………………………38 3.2.1 Position of the shipboard transducer……………………………………………………………………38 3.2.2 Rigid seafloor transponder array………………………………………………………………………………39 3.2.3 Acoustic ranging with ray tracing……………………………………………………………………………40 3.2.4 Initial positions of seafloor transponders……………………………………………………41 3.2.5 Time-variant sound speed model……………………………………………………………………………………42 3.3 Results and Discussion……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………43 Chapter 4 Conclusions………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………61 Bibliography………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………65 Appendix A……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………77 Appendix B……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………91 Appendix C……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………113 Appendix D……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………127 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.subject | 內潮 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 地震周期 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 大地測量 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 流變學 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 全球導航衛星系統 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 海底大地測量 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 音響測距 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | Seafloor geodesy | en |
| dc.subject | Internal tides | en |
| dc.subject | Acoustic ranging | en |
| dc.subject | Seismic cycle | en |
| dc.subject | Geodesy | en |
| dc.subject | Rheology | en |
| dc.subject | GNSS | en |
| dc.title | 由大地測量探究地震周期間岩石圈之流變性質 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | Probing Rheological Properties of the Lithosphere over Seismic Cycles from Geodesy | en |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 109-2 | |
| dc.description.degree | 博士 | |
| dc.contributor.author-orcid | 0000-0002-6323-6980 | |
| dc.contributor.advisor-orcid | 許雅儒(0000-0003-1389-9994),吳逸民(0000-0003-4542-1741) | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 張午龍(Hsin-Tsai Liu),莊昀叡(Chih-Yang Tseng),林玉儂,陳宏宇,許樹坤,王兆璋 | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 地震周期,大地測量,流變學,全球導航衛星系統,海底大地測量,音響測距,內潮, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | Seismic cycle,Geodesy,Rheology,GNSS,Seafloor geodesy,Acoustic ranging,Internal tides, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 136 | |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU202101877 | |
| dc.rights.note | 同意授權(全球公開) | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2021-07-30 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 理學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 地質科學研究所 | zh_TW |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 地質科學系 | |
文件中的檔案：
| 檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| U0001-2907202102485500.pdf | 28.14 MB | Adobe PDF | 檢視/開啟 |
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