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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 潘永寧(Yung-Ning Pan) | |
dc.contributor.author | Hanlin Chen | en |
dc.contributor.author | 陳翰霖 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-05-19T18:00:40Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2021-07-06 | |
dc.date.available | 2021-05-19T18:00:40Z | - |
dc.date.copyright | 2016-07-06 | |
dc.date.issued | 2015 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2016-06-10 | |
dc.identifier.citation | 參考文獻
[ 1 ] 半田卓雄, “低熱膨脹鑄造材料LEX 15,” 日本鑄造株式會社 [ 2 ] ASM Metals Handbook, 9th ed., Vol. 3, 1989, pp.792-798. [ 3 ] 生井 亨, “新ウゆ素形材-低熱膨張鋳造材,” 鋳鍛造シ熱処理, Jan., 1989, pp. 21-28. [ 4 ] C. E. Guillaume, “Recherches sur les aciers au nickel. Dilatations aux temperatures elevees; resistance electrique,” C.R. Acad. Sci. (Paris), Vol. 125, 1897, pp. 235-243. [ 5 ] ASM Metals Handbook, 8th ed., Vol. 8, 1973, pp. 413. [ 6 ] H. Masumoto, “On the Thermal Expansion of the Alloys of Iron, Nickel and Cobalt, and the Cause of the Small Expansibility of Alloys of the Invar Type,” Science Repts., Tohoku Imp. Univ., Vol.20, 1931, pp. 101. [ 7 ] F. Keffer, “Handbuch der Physik, ” Springer-Verlag, New York, 1966, Vol.18, pt. 2, pp.1 [ 8 ] 陳力豪, “合金組成與熱處理條件對低熱膨脹鑄鐵之熱膨脹係數的影響,” 國立台灣大學機研所碩士論文, 2013. [ 9 ] 羅俊祥, 潘永寧, “化學組成及熱處理對於低熱膨脹鑄鐵之性能影響研究,” 國立台灣大學機研所碩士論文, 2002. [ 10 ] 林良清, “低熱膨脹合金鑄鐵之最新發展,” 鑄造月刊, 145期, 民國90年10月, pp. 6-10. [ 11 ] 川島誠一, “みЗЪЮユЬ鋳鉄ソ特性シ製造技術,” 鋳鍛造シ熱処理, pp. 21-28, Sep. 1989. [ 12 ] 旗手稔, 炭本治喜, and 中村幸吉, “Fe-Ni-C系低熱膨張材ソ平均線膨張係数ズ及ニエC, Niソ影響,” 日本學會金屬誌, vol. 54, pp. 1036-1040, 1990. [ 13 ] 旗手 稔, 塩田俊雄, 炭本治喜, 中村幸吉, “低熱膨張鋳鉄ソ平均線膨張係数ズ及ニエ黑鉛ソ影響,” 鋳物, 第66卷, 第11号, 1994, pp. 809-814. [ 14 ] M. Tsuda, J. of the Iron and Steel of Japan, 80, 12, 1994, p.994. [ 15 ] 翁林昭, “超低熱膨脹合金鑄鐵之研製及其耐熱震研究,” 大同工學院材料所碩士論文, 1990. [ 16 ] H. Scott, “Expansion Properties of Low Expansion Fe-Ni-Co Alloys,” Trans. AIME, Inst Metals Div., 1930, pp. 506-537. [ 17 ] E. N. Pan, S. P. Chen and C. R. Loper, Jr., “Influence of Metallurgical Parameters on Low Thermal Expansion Austenitic Cast Irons,” AFS Trans., Vol. 101, 1993, pp. 293-303. [ 18 ] S. S. D. Venugopalan, “Thermal Expansion Properties of Cast Invar-type Alloys,” AFS Trans., vol. 105, pp. 83-87, 1997. [ 19 ] Ductile Iron Handbook, Des Plaines, IL: American Foundrymen's Society, Inc., 1993. [ 20 ] The Sorelmetal Book of Ductile Iron, Montréal, Canada: Rio Tinto Iron & Titanium, 2004. [ 21 ] S. I. Karsay and R. D. Schelleng, “Heavy Ductile Iron Castings Composition Effect on Graphite Structure,” AFS Trans., vol. 69, pp. 672-679, 1961. [ 22 ] S. Dawson, “Process Control for the Production of Compacted Graphite Iron, “ the 106th AFS Casting Congress Kansas City 4–7 , 2002 [ 23 ] R. R. Kust and C. R. Loper, Jr, “The Production of Heavy Section Ductile Iron,” AFS Trans., vol. 76, pp. 540-546, 1968. [ 24 ] M. H. Mulazimoglu, Y. M. Yang, and J. F. Wallace “Solidification Studies of Spiking and Large-small Nodule Formation in Ductile Iron Produced by the In-the-mold Process,” AFS Trans., vol. 93, pp. 627-650, 1985. [ 25 ] A. G. Fuller and T. N. Blackman, “Effects of Composition and Foundry Process Variables on Graphite Flotation in Hypereutectic Ductile Iron,” AFS Trans., vol. 94, pp. 823-862, 1986. [ 26 ] 康進興, 施景祥, 葉松瑋, 林志隆, “低熱膨脹球墨鑄鐵鑄造技術,” 2011. [ 27 ] G. X. Sun and C. R. Loper Jr, “Graphite Flotation in Cast Iron,” AFS Trans., vol. 91, pp. 841-854, 1984. [ 28 ] 陳翔斌, 潘永寧, “冶金參數對低熱膨脹鑄鐵之性質影響研究,” 國立台灣大學機研所碩士論文, 1991. [ 29 ] 卓炳勳, “化學組成及熱處理條件對於低熱膨脹鑄鐵尺寸穩定性之影響,” 國立台灣大學機研所碩士論文, 2013. [ 30 ] R. P. Skelton, “Introduction to Thermal Shock,” Technol., vol. 8, pp. 78-88, 1990. [ 31 ] Y. J. Park, R. B. Gundlach and J. F. Janowak, “Effects of Molybdenum on Thermal Fatigue Resistance of Ductile and Compacted Graphite Irons,” AFS Trans., vol. 95, pp. 267-272, 1987. [ 32 ] Y. J. Park, R. B. Gundlach, and R. G. Thomas, “Thermal Fatigue Resistance of Gray and Compacted Graphite Irons,” AFS Trans., vol. 93, pp. 415-422, 1985. [ 33 ] Yunus A. Cengel and Afshin J. Ghajar, Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals & Applications, 4th ed., 2011. [ 34 ] W. A. Strauss, Partial differential equations: An introduction. United States, 1992. [ 35 ] S. Moaveni, Finite element analysis: Theory and application with ANSYS, 2nd ed., 2002. [ 36 ] 劉宗霈, “低熱膨脹球墨鑄鐵之尺寸穩定性分析,” 國立台灣大學機研所碩士論文, 2014. | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/7966 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 本研究之內容包含三部分,第一部分係針對具不同石墨型態之低熱膨脹鑄鐵,探討均質化熱處理對於合金元素Ni之偏析程度及基地固溶C量之影響,並進一步探討其對於熱膨脹係數(α值)的影響;第二部分係以拘束型熱循環試驗來分析比較具不同石墨型態之低熱膨脹鑄鐵的尺寸穩定性;第三部分係依據相關力學及熱傳理論,以三維實體模型針對具不同石墨形態之低熱膨脹鑄鐵進行試片經拘束型熱循環試驗後之溫度分佈、熱應力值以及尺寸變化量之模擬分析,並進一步探討α值與熱應力及合金尺寸穩定性之關聯性。
本研究為探討固溶C量與Ni偏析程度對於α值之影響,分別進行了三項迴歸分析;固溶C量對α值、Ni偏析程度對α值以及兩者對於α值之複合影響,分析結果如下: 固溶C量對α值:α=1.06%C+4.6; R2=0.33 Ni偏析程度對α值:α=1.01%Nid+2.81; R2=0.92 固溶C量與Ni偏析程度對α值:α=0.68%C+1.05%Nid+2.41; R2=0.96 由分析結果可知,固溶C量與Ni偏析程度兩個因子會同步影響α值,故欲降低α值,必須同時降低合金之Ni偏析程度及固溶C量,但Ni偏析程度之影響較固溶C量高。 此外,由本研結果究得知,球墨鑄鐵、片墨鑄鐵、縮墨鑄鐵於鑄態時,α值由大至小為球墨>縮墨>片墨;而在施以同樣熱處理條件T1(1150oC/4hr/FC/750oC/4hr/WQ)下,α值為片墨>縮墨>球墨。 另外,針對三爐次(片墨、縮墨、球墨)在經過均質化熱處理後,進行拘束型熱循環疲勞試驗,並量測試片之形狀變化量,並與一般球墨鑄鐵及304不銹鋼進行比較。實驗結果顯示,三爐次其形狀變化量皆低於一般球墨鑄鐵以及304不鏽鋼,且合金之尺寸穩定性與α值有明確的相關性,當α值愈小時,所造成之變形量愈小,故尺寸穩定性愈佳,而尺寸穩定性為球墨>縮墨>片墨。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | The primary purposes of this research are three fold: (1) to investigate the effect of a specific heat treatment (TI: 1150oC-4h/FC/750oC-4h/WQ) on the Ni segregation, C content dissolved in the matrix, and α value in three different graphitic cast irons, (2) to conduct the constrained thermal cyclic tests to evaluate the dimensional stability of the alloys studied, and (3) to employ the finite element method (ANSYS) to simulate the temperature field, thermal stress and shape change of specimens after the thermal cyclic tests, and further to assess the correlation among α value, thermal stress and dimensional stability.
Regression analyses were performed to correlate the carbon content dissolved in the matrix and/or degree of Ni segregation with α value, with the results being shown below: (1) α value vs. C content dissolved in the matrix: α = 1.06%C + 4.6; R2 = 0.03 (2) α value vs. Degree of Ni segregation: α = 1.01Nid + 2.81; R2 = 0.92 (3) α value vs. both C content dissolved in the matrix and Degree of Ni segregation: α = 0.68%C + 1.05Nid + 2.41; R2 = 0.96 Based upon the regression analysis results, α value can be decreased by reducing both the carbon content dissolved in the matrix and degree of Ni segregation, with the latter being the dominant factor. Regarding the effect of the graphite type on α value, α value decreases according to the following order: SG > CG > FG, in the as-cast condition. On the other hand, α value decreases according to the following order: CG > FG > SG, in the T1 heat treatment condition. Shape change (△PV) of the specimens after constrained thermal cyclic tests (500 cycles) were measured for low thermal expansion cast irons with different graphite shape (in T1 heat treatment condition) and two other alloys, SUS 304 and regular ductile cast iron. The results indicate that the shape changes in low thermal expansion cast irons regardless of graphite shape are substantially lower than both SUS 304 and regular ductile cast iron. Furthermore, among the low thermal expansion cast irons the shape change or dimensional stability is closely related with α value, that is, the lower the α value, the less the shape change or the better the dimensional stability. Therefore, the order of dimensional stability is SG > CG > FG. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-05-19T18:00:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-104-R02522709-1.pdf: 4738527 bytes, checksum: 329e4b1f3f84d4ccc1b79c6a05638305 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 目錄
口試委員會審定書 ...........................................................................................................# 誌謝 i 中文摘要 ii ABSTRACT iii 目錄 iv LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF FIGURES x 第 1 章 緒 論 1 1.1 前言 1 第 2 章 文獻探討 3 2.1 低熱膨脹鑄鐵之開發過程及特性探究 3 2.1.1 材料開發過程 3 2.1.2 低熱膨脹現象之成因探討 3 2.1.3 居禮溫度與磁效伸縮 4 2.1.4 低熱膨脹鑄鐵之規格及其機械和物理性質 5 2.2 化學成分對低熱膨脹合金之影響 6 2.2.1 C 的影響 6 2.2.2 Si 之影響 6 2.2.3 Ni 的影響 7 2.2.4 Co 的影響 7 2.2.5 Ce 等稀土元素的影響 8 2.3 片狀石墨之型態 8 2.4 縮狀石墨之型態 9 2.5 製程參數對縮墨鑄鐵顯微組織之影響 9 2.5.1 球化/縮化處理 9 2.5.2 接種處理 10 2.5.3 澆鑄溫度以及澆鑄時間之影響 10 2.6 其他參數影響 11 2.6.1 碳當量的影響 11 2.6.2 飽和數 (Saturation Number) 11 2.6.3 熱處理 12 2.7 殘留應力之原因及影響 12 2.7.1 鑄造應力 13 2.8 尺寸穩定性 13 2.9 熱循環試驗 14 2.9.1 熱循環試驗原理 14 2.9.2 拘束型熱循環試驗 15 2.10 熱應力理論與分析 15 2.11 有限元素法(Finite Element Method) 17 2.11.1 基本步驟 18 2.12 熱傳導方程式之離散化 18 2.13 有限元素分析軟體-ANSYS 19 第 3 章 研究方法與步驟 34 3.1 研究目的 34 3.2 合金設計 34 3.3 實驗方法與流程 34 3.4 鑄造程序 35 3.4.1 模型製作與造模材料 35 3.4.2 配料及熔解處理 35 3.4.3 球化、接種處理 35 3.4.4 合金化學成分分析 36 3.5 均質化熱處理 36 3.6 實驗分析試片取樣 36 3.7 顯微組織分析 36 3.8 電子微探分析儀 37 3.8.1 基地中鎳濃度分布量測 37 3.8.2 基地中固溶碳量之分析 37 3.8.3 鎳偏析程度無因次化 38 3.9 熱膨脹係數量測 38 3.10 熱循環試驗 39 3.11 試片之形狀量測 39 3.12 溫度模擬分布 40 3.13 實體模擬 40 3.13.1 元素分割 40 3.13.2 溫度場求解 40 3.13.3 熱應力計算 41 3.13.4 形變量計算 41 第 4 章 結果與討論 50 4.1 合金顯微組織分析 50 4.2 均質化熱處理之影響 51 4.2.1 對於基地中固溶 C 量之影響 51 4.2.2 對基地中 Ni 偏析之影響 52 4.3 熱膨脹係數分析 53 4.3.1 C 含量對熱膨脹係數(α)之影響 53 4.3.2 Ni 偏析程度對熱膨脹係數(α)之影響 53 4.3.3 固溶 C 量與 Ni 偏析程度對熱膨脹係數(α)之複合影響 54 4.4 熱循環試驗後試片變形情況之探究 54 4.4.1 尺寸變化量探討 55 4.5 拘束型熱循環詴驗之溫度場、熱應力及形狀變化模擬 55 4.5.1 溫度場模擬分析 55 4.5.2 熱應力與尺寸安定性之關係 56 4.5.3 形狀變化模擬分析 56 第 5 章 結論 83 參考文獻 86 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 不同石墨型態低熱膨脹鑄鐵之尺寸熱穩定性分析 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Thermal Dimensional Stability of Different Low Thermal Expansion Graphite Cast Irons | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 104-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 鄭偉鈞(Wei-Chun Cheng),楊智富(Chih-Fu Yang) | |
dc.subject.keyword | 低熱膨脹鑄鐵,熱膨脹係數,均質化熱處理,鎳偏析,固溶碳量,尺寸穩定性,形狀變化量,有限元素法, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | Thermal expansion coefficient,Cast iron,Homogenization heat treatment,Ni segregation,Carbon content in the matrix,Dimensional stability,Finite element method,ANSYS, | en |
dc.relation.page | 89 | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU201600327 | |
dc.rights.note | 同意授權(全球公開) | |
dc.date.accepted | 2016-06-11 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 工學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 機械工程學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 機械工程學系 |
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