資料驅動的智慧城市治理模式分析：以臺北大數據中心為例

Abstract

近年來資通訊技術革命，智慧城市成為全球城市的政策發展重點。在技術變革、開放資料運動、公民科技文化等因素影響下，臺北市智慧城市的政策從產業驅動轉向資料驅動的治理模式，也形塑了一個由技術官僚、科技廠商、公民社群等多方利害關係人的動態協作網絡。本文探究官僚系統如何應對智慧城市治理挑戰、內部組織結構發生了何種轉化，以及各利害關係人又如何參與其中治理的過程。 本研究以文本資料、田野觀察、深度訪談等質性研究方法，借用都市政權理論的分析視角，描繪臺北大數據中心這一技術與社會互相轉譯的建構現場，並詮釋臺北市智慧城市政策的演進。 本研究認為，台北市的智慧城市發展中，為了增進官僚系統的創新能力，引入了由私部門主導的公私協力模式，然而該取向仍面臨各局處的協作困境。而後官僚系統經調適，設立大數據中心作為新治理角色，引入數位社群IVC（In Visible Cities）作為行動者，推動各局處的資料流通，並以資料驅動專案回應都市議題的公眾行動，逐步轉化台北市智慧城市的治理取向。而IVC以分享會、讀書會，專案外包等多樣的公民科技形式，也展現了公民社群參與智慧城市治理之潛力。

In recent years, with the revolution of information and communication technologies, smart city has become the focus of policy development of global cities. Under the influence of the technological revolution, open data movement, and civic technology culture, the policy of Taipei smart city has changed from industry-driven to data-driven governance mode, which has also formed a dynamic collaboration network of technocrats, technology manufacturers, digital community, and other stakeholders. This thesis explores how the bureaucracy responds to the challenges of smart city governance, how the internal organizational structure is transformed, and how various stakeholders participate in the governance process. This thesis is based on qualitative research methods, such as textual analysis, field observation, and in-depth interviews. Following the analytical perspective of urban regime theory, this article describes the development of Taipei Urban Intelligence Center, which involved by the constructing and translating process of technology and society, and interprets the evolution of smart city policy in Taipei. In order to enhance the innovation capacity of the bureaucratic system, Taipei smart city development has referred to the private sector-led public-private cooperation model. However, this approach faced the dilemma of collaboration among each department. For solving problems, the bureaucratic system was adjusted to set up a new governance role called “Urban Intelligence Center”. The digital community IVC was designated to be responsible for this center, and devoted to promote the data pipeline engineering in various departments. The importance of IVC is that they use data to drive projects to respond to public actions on urban issues, and gradually transforming the governance orientation of Taipei smart city. Moreover, IVC also promotes civic tech through various forms, such as sharing conference, reading workshop and project outsourcing, demonstrates the potential of civic communities to participate in smart city governance.