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| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 羅凱尹 | |
| dc.contributor.author | Yi-Ting Chou | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 周奕廷 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-07-11T15:39:04Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2023-08-16 | |
| dc.date.copyright | 2018-08-16 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2018 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2018-08-13 | |
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| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/79042 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 鉈 ( Thallium, Tl ) 為 3A 族之稀有金屬元素，多以一價 ( Tl(I) ) 或三價 ( Tl(III) ) 的形式在環境中廣泛分佈。因為可應用於超導體合金，於高科技產業上的需求與日間進，而被認為是新興的汙染物。鉈影響許多的代謝途徑，且對於生物具有高毒性。因此我們分析鉈如何影響細胞的生理功能。在研究中發現，處於鉈毒性之細胞有 eIF2α 磷酸化現象，以及蛋白質合成量減少的趨勢，曾有研究提到，鉈會和蛋白質上的硫醇基 ( -SH ) 結合而抑制蛋白質功能。雖然大量累積變性蛋白會活化內質網壓力，但在我們的實驗條件下卻無觀察到。值得注意的，研究中發現核醣體的60S 次單元與40S 次單元比例，隨著鉈濃度的增加而下降。因為Tl+和鉀離子擁有相似電性及離子半徑，曾有研究說鉈會取代核醣體上鉀的結合位而抑制核醣體的活性。但是，經由自噬作用或蛋白酶體降解核醣體的情形並沒有被觀察到。有趣的是，鉈處理後，RNA 聚合酶 I 的活性沒有改變，但 rRNA 的成熟過程則出現嚴重缺失；核仁蛋白的細胞位置改變且累積量下降。因此，我們提出鉈降低蛋白質合成率的機制，主要是導致不正長的核醣體生成，進而造成細胞生長停止及死亡。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | Thallium is a metal classified in the group III A, distributed in the environment as monovalent Tl(I) and trivalent Tl(III) state. Thallium is considered as an emergent contamination because of its potential use in superconducting alloys, with increasing demand from high-technology industry. Tl(I) is highly toxic to the animals since it can affect numerous metabolic processes. We dissect how Tl(I) impacts physiological functions of the cells. We observed that protein synthesis was highly decreased and eIF2α was phosphorylated after thallium treatment. It has been proposed that Tl(I) can interact with sulfhydryl groups to inactivate the protein functions. Although accumulation of denature proteins would activate ER stress, it was not observed in our experimental conditions. Notably, the ratio of ribosomal large subunit (60S) to small subunit (40S) was decreased with increasing amount of thallium. Due to Tl(I) shares similarities with potassium (K) in ionic charge and atomic radius, it has been proposed that Tl(I) occupies certain K+-binding sites and inactivates ribosome function. Thallium may impact 60S levels from triggering degradation of inactive 60S. However, activation of autophagy or proteasomal degradation of large subunits was not observed. Interestingly, while the activity of RNA polymerase I was not altered, rRNA processing was severely blocked after Tl(I) treatment. In addition, nucleolar proteins mislocalized in the cells and under-accumulated. Therefore, we proposed that Tl(I) decreased protein synthesis from abnormal ribosome synthesis, resulting cell growth inhibition and lethality. | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-11T15:39:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-107-R05623021-1.pdf: 5544951 bytes, checksum: 936b3484b6e039c2a5cdac3e4f2ef51e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 致謝 i
Abstract ii 摘要 iii 目錄 iv 圖目錄 vi 表目錄 vii 一、文獻回顧 1 1.1 鉈的基本性質與毒性與探討 1 1.2 鉈的毒性機制 2 1.3 細胞的壓力調控機制 3 1.4 核醣體組成及生合成 4 1.5 核仁壓力 (Nucleolar stress) 5 1.6 核醣體生合異常造成的疾病 ( Ribosomopathy ) 7 1.7 核醣體品質控制機制 (Ribosome quality control mechanisms) 8 二、研究動機 11 三、材料與方法 12 1. 配製鉈溶液 12 2. 細胞培養 12 3. 細胞活性測試 (MTT assay) 12 4. 質體 DNA轉染 12 5. qPCR 基因表達分析 14 6. 西方墨點法 15 7. 細胞核質分離 15 8. 北方墨點法 16 9. 多核醣體圖譜分析 (Polysome Profiling Analysis) 18 10. 核醣體次單元圖譜分析 ( Monosome Profiling Analysis ) 18 11. 免疫螢光染色 19 12. 氧化壓力指標測定 19 13. 細胞週期分析 19 14. TUNEL assay 20 15. 統計分析 20 16. 次世代定序分析 20 四、結果 22 4.1 金屬鉈影響哺乳類細胞的生長 22 4.2 金屬鉈使細胞產生氧化壓力 24 4.3 金屬鉈抑制細胞蛋白質合成 25 4.4 金屬鉈未使細胞產生內質網壓力 (ER stress) 26 4.5 金屬鉈影響細胞中核醣體大次單元的量 27 4.6 金屬鉈亦減少其他細胞株之60S核醣體的量 28 4.7 鉈並非因為增加核醣體的降解而造成60S核醣體減少 29 4.8 新生核醣體的量受到鉈影響 32 4.9 金屬鉈引發核仁壓力 (Nucleolar stress) 33 4.10 rRNA 裁切過程出現異常 36 4.11 核醣體運輸異常 37 4.12 次世代定序(next generation sequencing, NGS)分析鉈毒性所改變之基因表達 39 4.13 核醣體生合成因子及組成成份表現異常 41 五、討論 43 5.1 鉈處理對細胞週期的影響 43 5.2 鉈非由內質網壓力途徑啟動 eIF2α 蛋白質磷酸化 46 5.3 金屬鉈對60S損傷影響較大 48 5.4 異常核醣體的降解機制 51 六、結論 53 七、參考文獻 55 八、附錄 90 | |
| dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
| dc.subject | 核仁壓力 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 一價金屬鉈 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 核醣體 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 鉈毒性 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 核醣體生合成 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | Thallium toxicity | en |
| dc.subject | Nucleolar stress | en |
| dc.subject | Ribosome biogenesis | en |
| dc.subject | Protein synthesis | en |
| dc.subject | Thallium [Tl(I)] | en |
| dc.title | 一價金屬鉈抑制核醣體生合成進而影響蛋白質生成 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | Thallium (I) impacts protein synthesis via blocking of ribosome biogenesis pathway | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 106-2 | |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 劉奕方,朱家瑩,廖憶純 | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 一價金屬鉈,鉈毒性,核醣體,核醣體生合成,核仁壓力, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | Thallium [Tl(I)],Thallium toxicity,Protein synthesis,Ribosome biogenesis,Nucleolar stress, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 94 | |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU201803213 | |
| dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2018-08-14 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 生物資源暨農學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 農業化學研究所 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.embargo-lift | 2023-08-16 | - |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 農業化學系 | |
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