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DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
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dc.contributor.advisor | 歐展言(Chan-Yen Ou) | |
dc.contributor.author | Po-Wei Wu | en |
dc.contributor.author | 吳柏緯 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-07-11T15:19:15Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2024-08-28 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2019-08-28 | |
dc.date.issued | 2019 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2019-07-03 | |
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dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/78786 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 神經系統是由大量的神經細胞組成。一顆神經元的細胞結構,主要分成訊息傳入的樹突結構(dendrite)、整合並再度發送訊息的細胞本體(Soma)、以及訊息輸出的軸突結構(axon),可以發現這是一個具有方向性的結構,而這個方向性也可以用「極性」來形容。形成這樣具有極化性質的神經細胞與系統,需要一套系統化而精密的機制調控,神經本體與神經突(neurite)才能恰如其分的生長到該生長的區域與位置,在先前的體外老鼠海馬迴細胞(hippocampal neuron)研究發現有許多的基因參與,我將其中一些常見的極性調控基因,利用線蟲的PVD神經元作為研究的系統,來觀察這些基因的突變會對PVD神經元的型態造成何種影響。此外,有不少先前的研究指出,如果粒線體在神經元運輸過程的調控異常或受損,會導致許多神經退化性疾病的產生,例如帕金森氏症或阿茲海默氏症,但是粒線體在神經元當中運輸的機制,仍然不是很清楚地被了解,所以我也將在PVD神經極化過程中,觀察粒線體的分布情形會有什麼樣的改變或是否進一步參與了極化過程中的調控機制。經過小規模的尋找後,我發現一個能轉譯出RacGEF蛋白的tiam-1基因,其缺失會造成PVD的樹突退化而軸突卻過度生長,因此我推測tiam-1可能會調節線蟲PVD神經的極性。而後我將tiam-1作為基準,在已知的Netrin極性調控路徑上,向上尋找可能的配體與受體基因,向下則找尋可能的小G蛋白形式水解酶與下游基因,儘管最後並沒有發現與tiam-1有直接調控關係的基因,但是卻發現了多種重要的基因,以及不同的調控方式。例如tiam-1與unc-73不同的調控模式與在軸突的拮抗作用;在PVD極化過程中,粒線體進入軸突會需要unc-33與unc-44,同時進一步調控其長度。後人可以依循我的活體PVD系統研究中的發現,進一步的尋找對於神經極性發育調控的未知基因,連結過往未被充分闡明的極化生理機制。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | A typical neuron has two structurally and functionally distinct neurites including dendrites and axon. For signal transmission in a certain direction, as neuronal polarity, neurons need to establish a polar structure, therefore, a polarity regulative mechanism is necessary. Previous studies suggested netrin pathway genes have putative roles in regulation of neuronal polarization. In order to find the physiological functions of those genes, I examined their roles in C. elegans PVD neurons. I found that the RacGEF protein TIAM-1 is essential for dendritic outgrowth and surprisingly inhibits axonal outgrowth in contrast to the proposed role based on studies in cultured neurons. In addition, I found another UNC-73/Trio RhoGEF is essential for axonal formation but not dendritic morphogenesis. Furthermore, I found the microtubule-regulated protein UNC-33/CRMP-2 and its locational regulator UNC-44/Ankyrin both can regulate the axonal extension and axonal mitochondrial transport, though I did not find the direct relation to TIAM-1. In summary, I found GEFs, TIAM-1 and UNC-73, function to regulate the PVD morphogenesis especially in axons, on the downstream, UNC-33 and UNC-44 also regulate the axonal morphology and mitochondrial distribution. Overall, my study provides an ideal in vivo system for testing the neuronal polarization genes, and genes characterized by me are potential regulators which are important to PVD development. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-11T15:19:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-108-R03442021-1.pdf: 6279580 bytes, checksum: af05da628df703b847ac9db640f0aa24 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 中文摘要............................................................................................................................i
ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................ii CONTENTS....................................................................................................................iii I. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................1 1.1 Neuronal polarization can shape diverse neuronal morphology................................1 1.2 Neuronal polarization is regulated by extracellular guidance cues, membrane receptors and intracellular effectors...........................................................................2 1.3 Mitochondrial transport defect is commonly found in neurodegenerative diseases......................................................................................................................6 1.4 C. elegans PVD neurons as an in vivo system to examine the physiological functions of neuronal polarization genes……………………………………………………...6 II. MATERIALS AND METHODS...............................................................................8 2.1 Strains and Genetics...................................................................................................8 2.2 Constructs and transgenic worms...............................................................................8 2.3 Combination of different genotypes...........................................................................9 2.4 Worm lysis for genomic DNA...................................................................................9 2.5 Imaging……………………....................................................................................10 2.6 Image processing and data acquiring.......................................................................10 2.7 Data analysis............................................................................................................11 III. RESULTS.................................................................................................................12 3.1 PVD neuronal morphology are evaluated by several representative phenotypes.....12 3.2 The Rac protein guanine nucleotide exchange factor TIAM-1 orchestrates PVD neuronal polarity……………………………………………………..……………13 3.3 The RhoGEF UNC-73/TRIO regulate PVD neuronal polarization in a different manner compare to TIAM-1.....................................................................................15 3.4 TIAM-1 and UNC-73 might antagonize each other in C. elegans PVD neurons......16 3.5 Netrin ligand UNC-6 is required for PVDs dendritic development and axonal formation…………………………………………………………………………. 19 3.6 Two types of netrin receptor: UNC-5 is essential for PVD growing and axonal formation; UNC-40 is crucial to PVDs axonal formation and extension……………………...…………………………………………………...20 3.7 Small GTPases CED-10/Rac1 and MIG-2/RhoG play rare functions on PVDs development……………………………………………………………………….23 3.8 UNC-33/CRMP2 and its regulator UNC-44/Ankyrin function similarly in PVDs axonal development and mitochondrial transport…………………………………26 IV. DISSCUSION...........................................................................................................33 4.1 Guanine nucleotide exchange factors, TIAM-1, have nearly opposite functions on C. elegans PVDs and cultured rat hippocampal pyramidal neuron…………………...33 4.2 The regulation of TIAM-1 on mitochondrial quantity and distribution provides a new direction for neuronal degenerative diseases researches…………………..............34 4.3 TIAM-1 and UNC-73 function antagonistically between anteriorly and posteriorly directed neurite extensions in C. elegans PVD axons...............................................35 4.4 Small GTPases, CED-10 and MIG-2, may function in TIAM-1-independent pathway in PVDs......................................................................................................36 4.5 Microtubule-regulated proteins UNC-33 and its locational regulator UNC-44 may help mitochondria enter into the PVD axons and further enhance the axonal development.............................................................................................................37 V. FIGURES...................................................................................................................39 Figure 1. Using C. elegans PVD neuron to study the neuronal polarization in vivo.........40 Figure 2. The RacGEF TIAM-1 orchestrates neuronal polarity in C. elegans PVD neuron, whereas the RhoGEF protein UNC-73/TRIO regulates PVD neuronal polarity in a nearly opposite regulation..........................................................................41 Figure 3. Netrin signaling pathway genes unc-6/Netrin, unc-5, unc-40/DCC are necessary to PVD neurites guidance but not involved in tiam-1 neuronal polarity regulative pathway.………………………………...............……......42 Figure 4. Small GTPase CED-10/RAC-1 cannot affect PVD neuronal development, but MIG-2/RhoG can affect higher order dendritic structures................................43 Figure 5. Microtubule-binding protein UNC-33/CRMP2 and its regulator UNC-44/Ankyrin regulate PVD neurites development by changing mitochondrial distribution.......................................................................................................44 Figure 6. Guanine nucleotide exchange factor genes tiam-1, unc-73 and microtubule-regulative genes unc-33, unc-44 are involved in the regulation of worm body length………...................................................................................................45 Figure 7. PVD dendritic development can be regulated by tiam-1, netrin genes unc-6 and unc-5, small GTPase gene mig-2, and microtubule-regulative genes unc-33 and unc-44..............................................................................................................47 Figure 8. PVDs axonal development are regulated by GEF genes tiam-1 and unc-73, netrin receptor gene unc-40 and microtubule-regulative genes unc-33 and unc-44..............................................................................................................49 Figure 9. Mitochondrial distribution in PVD dendrites and axons are regulated by tiam-1, unc-33 and unc-44…………………………………………………....51 Figure 10. Tiam-1 and unc-73 GEF genes and unc-6 netrin gene can regulate PVD neuronal polarity…………………………………………………….……….52 Figure 11. Hypothesis models of C. elegans PVD neurites and mitochondrial regulations …………………………………………………………………………………….54 Supplementary Figure 1. Schematic diagram of neuronal polarization and the regulative genes…………………………………………………………………....................56 Supplementary Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the possible future directions in C. elegans PVD neuronal polarization studies……………………………………….57 VI. TABLE……………...…………………………………………………………….58 Table 1. Genes function in neuronal polarization found in previous studies………….58 Table 2. Mitochondrial numbers in dendrites and axons in each strain……………….59 VII. REFFERENCES....................................................................................................60 VIII. APPENDIX...........................................................................................................73 8.1 Constructs and transgenic worms............................................................................73 8.2 Primers for genotyping............................................................................................79 8.3 Images for quantification.........................................................................................80 | |
dc.language.iso | en | |
dc.title | 探討在線蟲PVD神經極化發育過程中的分子調控機制 | zh_TW |
dc.title | The study of molecular mechanism on neuronal polarized regulation in C. elegans PVD neurons | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 107-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 林敬哲(Jing-Jer Lin),蔡欣祐(Hsin-Yue Tsai) | |
dc.subject.keyword | 神經極化,粒線體運輸,T細胞淋巴癌侵略和轉移基因1,TRIO鳥嘌呤核?酸交換因子,UNC-33腦衰反應調節蛋白(CRMP-2),UNC-44錨定蛋白, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | Neuronal polarization,TIAM-1,UNC-73,UNC-33,UNC-44, | en |
dc.relation.page | 93 | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU201900700 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2019-07-03 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 醫學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 生物化學暨分子生物學研究所 | zh_TW |
dc.date.embargo-lift | 2024-08-28 | - |
顯示於系所單位: | 生物化學暨分子生物學科研究所 |
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