建構工業互聯網賦能電子製造服務業之商業模式探討 —以F公司為例

Abstract

隨著資通訊技術進展，以及物聯網在各大垂直應用領域的蓬勃發展，由智慧製造與工業4.0所建構的工業互聯網平台，逐漸成為推動產業升級的基礎，也是重要的應用領域。目前資訊電子業為台灣主力產業，尤以電子製造服務業（EMS）居全球電子業供應鏈的關鍵地位。 但近年面臨產業逐漸成熟、運營利潤下滑、用人成本提升以及全球動盪的總體環境中，如何透過建置工業互聯網平台，促成生產製造的數位化轉型為重要議題。此外，應如何落實於可實際營利的商業模式亦為能否持續發展及成功關鍵。 由於工業產業體系的專業性與複雜性，目前工業互聯網平台的商業模式仍以企業對企業模式 (B2B)為主，本研究則主要針對總部在台灣，目前全球具代表性的EMS廠商F公司進行探討，針對其如何發展工業互聯網平台以及妥善規劃商業模式，以取得產業的競爭優勢為研究主軸。整體而言，本研究兩個重要研究目的如下： 1. 探討台灣電子製造服務業者面對總體競爭環境下，發展工業互聯網之機會、挑戰及因應之策略方案為何。 2. 探討電子製造服務業因應產業發展趨勢，建構工業互聯網及其商業模式之成功關鍵為何。 而本研究的研究方法主要採用個案研究分析法，並經由個案資料深入探討與相關文獻資料彙整分析結果，整理有以下重要研究發現： 一、 EMS業者在不同的產業及製程領域推動數位化轉型，並藉由邊緣層、IaaS層、PaaS層以及SaaS層，分階層建立工業互聯網平台加值應用，並朝跨領域的結合發展。 二、 EMS業者藉由財務效益、事業效益以及組織效益等指標，檢視工業互聯網平台建置成果評估，目前對組織內部經營、事業管理與財務面皆有正面成效。 三、EMS業者主要從顧客價值主張、利潤公式、關鍵資源以及關鍵流程等四大構面，針對工業互聯網平台擬定商業模式，未來除傳統的軟硬體買斷、租賃模式，專業服務，並朝服務訂閱制、分潤制或系統整合加專業分工等彈性方案分階段進行。

With the development of telecommunications technology and Internet of Things(IoT) in various vertical application fields, the industrial internet market constructed by smart manufacturing and Industry 4.0 has gradually become an important foundation for other application fields, and it is also the important application field. Now the electronics industry is Taiwan's main industry, especially the electronics manufacturing services (EMS) industry plays a key role in the global electronics industry supply chain. However, in recent years, with the gradual maturity of the industry, declining operating profit, and global turbulence, how to upgrade the manufacturing abilities through establishing of an industrial internet platform has become an important issue. In addition, how to make a profitable business model is also the key to success. Because of the professionalism and complexity of the industrial internet industry, the current business model is still based on the B2B model. And the study is mainly aimed at F company, which is headquartered in Taiwan and a representative global EMS company. and how it to establish an industrial internet platform and business model. Overall, the study has two important research purposes: 1. To explore the key to the success of business model for Taiwan's EMS providers in the competitive environment in the future. 2. To discuss the strategies of the EMS industry in response to industrial development trends and the possible difficulties of the industry. The research method of this study mainly uses the case study analysis method, and analysis of the literature reviews. There are some important research findings as followings: 1. The EMS players make digital transformation in different industries and process areas and establish a value-added application for industrial internet platform in different levels by using the edge layer, the IaaS platform, the PaaS platform, and the SaaS application layer to develop the cross-domain integration. 2. The EMS operators review and evaluate the results of the construction of the industrial internet platform through indicators such as financial benefits, business benefits, and organizational benefits. And it has had some positive effects on the organization's internal operations, business management, and financial evaluation. 3. The EMS industry develops the business model for the industrial internet platform from the four major aspects, including of customer value proposition, profit program, key resources and key processes. In the future, in addition to the traditional hardware and software buyout and leasing models, the more flexible projects such as project, service subscription or charge by the output will be implemented.