臺灣警察特考制度之政經分析，1949-2020

Abstract

在現今社會中，警察扮演著舉足輕重的角色；因此，決定警察人力來源的警察特考制度顯得格外重要。然而，警察考選制度之建立與變革，受到政府及其機關組織的發展與運作之直接影響，亦隨著不同的政治及經濟背景結構的發展與變遷而有相對應之考試制度及招考困境。 本文首先從實存的歷史脈絡，將1949年至2020年間的臺灣政經結構脈絡，區分為威權與威權轉型時期及民主鞏固時期；臺灣的警察特考制度受國內外政治、經濟、社會及文化變遷之影響，而產生的重要變革進行政經分析。接著，探討司法院大法官釋字第760號對警察考試制度之衝擊，提出相關評論及評估問題根源，並就主管機關因應對策提出建議。最後，從警察特考雙軌制度實施前、後區分為六個時期進行論述，並針對未來警察考試制度應有淘汰機制及適度調整官警比例，以提升臺灣警察素質，使警察量足質優，並鞏固我國警察擇優任用、用人唯才之精神。

As the police play a significant role in this modern society, the Special Examination, contributing to the personnel recruitment, is certainly much more important. The establishment and revolution of the police examination system is directly affected by how the government and its organizational structure work, and the exam system faces difficulties and changes dramatically by political and economic background. Firstly, this thesis focuses on the historical thread from 1949 to 2020, classified into 3 period, the period of martial law, the period of martial law transformation and the period of democracy consolidation. It analyses, especially in political economic way, the significant transforms of the system of the Police Special Examination for Police Personnel under the influences by domestic and international politics, economics, society and culture. Also, there are some discussions about the impacts on the examination system following the Judicial Yuan Interpretation No.760, related opinion and evaluation of the problem, and advices on probable solutions to the authorities concerned. Finally, this thesis separates the implementation of two-track examination and recruitment system into six different periods, and provides advices to the examination system in the prospective future, such as elimination mechanism and appropriate proportion of Police Sergeant and Police Officer. By this way, we can increase the police quantity and service quality in Taiwan, and enhance the spirit that ‘only the best could be qualified’.