有機發光二極體光場顯示之光偏向分析

Abstract

在現今科技發展之下，多視域3D顯示器可以同時在多個位置上投影多種角度的影像，在不同角度的觀測下便可以享受到3D影像的視覺效果，並且這些先例都可以滿足多位觀察者同時觀測，並且不需要額外的穿戴裝置。但目前這些裝置鮮少設置在個人裝置上，例如:家用電視、筆記型螢幕、可攜式閱讀器……等裝置。儘管標準全息影像技術 ( holography ) 可以很好地呈現3D視覺效果，但全息介質的記錄太慢，無法進行即時操作；裸眼立體顯示將光場離散為狹窄的視域，例如使用積分成像 (integral imaging) 或混合使用的方法，產生連續視差的錯覺使得在一定視距範圍內出現3D效果，此方法也能顯示出大型3D影像並且具有很高的解析度，但此方法在移動顯示器難以實現。 為了解決此問題，本研究在另一個方向上提出了新的解決方案，在元件尺度極小的狀況下 (〖10〗^(-9)~〖10〗^(-6)公尺)，光的波動特性也顯著增加，因此繞射光學此時對元件、影像的呈現需要更多的探討，本文便是使用波動光學設計出繞射元件並加以進行模擬，而此繞射元件亦可稱為光柵 ( grating) 。 本篇目的便是提出可移動3D顯示技術的架構設計與分析，並且使用商用軟體R-soft、matlab進行2D有限時域差分法 ( FDTD ) 模擬與分析，光源則使用有機發光二極體 ( OLED )，範圍以顯示器單一體像素 ( Voxel ) 為模擬環境尺度，以此條件模擬體像素之多角度視域場形、3D效果等資訊。

With the development of display technology, multi-view 3D displays can project images from multiple angles at the same time, and observers can enjoy the 3D images from different places. At the same time, the biggest advantage is that wearable devices are not required. However, personal devices are rarely equipped with these 3D devices, such as home TV, laptop screen, portable readers, etc. Although the holography can achieve the 3D image well, the recording media is too slow for immediate operation. Autostereoscopic 3D displays discrete the light field into a narrow field of view, for example, integral imaging or mixed methods, creating the illusion of continuous parallax to display 3D effects within a certain viewing distance. This method can also display large 3D images with high resolution, but it is difficult to implement on mobile devices. In order to solve this problem, this research proposes a new solution in another direction. In the case of extremely small component sizes, the wave characteristic of light increased significantly. Thus, diffraction optics needs more discussion in optical components and images. This article describes how to design and simulate diffraction elements using wave optics, and the element could be also called ‘‘gratings.’’ The purpose of this article is to propose the architecture of mobile 3D display, then using commercial software R-soft and matlab for 2D finite time domain difference method (FDTD) to simulate and analyze. Organic light emitting diodes (OLED) is utilized as the light source, and the range of simulation is based on the single volume pixel (Voxel) of the display as the simulated environment scale. Finally, we can get the simulation result, such as, emission pattern, variable analysis of structure, the information of the three-dimensional effect, etc.