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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 蘇南維(Nan-Wei Su) | |
dc.contributor.author | Gek-Hee Kua | en |
dc.contributor.author | 柯玉喜 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-07-10T21:35:33Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2021-07-10T21:35:33Z | - |
dc.date.copyright | 2016-10-14 | |
dc.date.issued | 2016 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2016-08-05 | |
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dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/76714 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 芝麻粕是芝麻製油工業的副產物,脫脂芝麻粕的蛋白質含量可達40~50%。為落實副產物再利用之理念,本研究參考大豆蛋白產品之製備方式,以黑芝麻粕(defatted sesame meal, DSM) 為原料,透過酵素預處理(enzyme pretreatment)及鹼萃取-pH調整沉澱法 (alkaline extraction, followed by pH swing for protein recovery) 的處理方式以進行芝麻蛋白的製備。在樣品預處理的部分,首先主要可分為兩種:未經酵素預處理 (DSM) 與經由商業化酵素(Viscozyme®L) 預處理之固形物樣品(E-DSM),再分別進行後續鹼萃取- pH調整沉澱法以製備芝麻蛋白。第一步先探討鹼萃取-pH調整沉澱法之最適條件,鹼液為0.1 N NaOH、萃取時間為60 min、樣品與鹼液之比例為1:30 及pH 為4.0。在此最適條件下,從DSM所製得之芝麻蛋白 (DSM-P),其蛋白質含量為61.2%,回收率為51.9%,而E-DSM所製得之芝麻蛋白 (E-DSM-P),雖其蛋白質含量提高至66%,回收率為65%。 但也發現,酵素預處理的部分無論其酵素使用量的多寡,皆對於蛋白質含量與回收率無顯著差異。此外,於鹼萃取-pH調整沉澱法之結果發現,在無添加鹼之情況下,即有部分水溶性蛋白質溶出,因此本研究延伸出以熱水洗預處理 (hot washing pretreatment),再以鹼萃取-pH調整沉澱法處理,期望能以簡便的方式來提高蛋白質含量。結果顯示,相較於DSM-P,經熱水洗預處理後之固形物樣品 (Prewashed-DSM) 在最適鹼液處理之條件下製備之芝麻蛋白(Prewashed-DSM-P),其蛋白質含量明顯提高為67.9%,回收率為59.1%。然而,經熱水洗及酵素預處理之固形物樣品(E-Prewashed-DSM)經鹼液處理後,其芝麻蛋白產品 (E-Prewashed-DSM-P) 之蛋白質含量卻只有61.2-64%。綜合以上四種蛋白質產品之結果,本研究之最適條件Prewashed-DSM,具有較高之蛋白質含量及回收率。另外, 以脫脂白芝麻粕(defatted white sesame meal, DWSM) 為原料,經鹼萃取-pH調整沉澱法之最適條件下所製得之芝麻蛋白 (DWSM-P),其蛋白質含量為84.1 %,回收率為52.2 %。由此結果得知,利用鹼萃取-pH調整沉澱法進行芝麻蛋白的製備是可行的,但蛋白質產品的品質會受到原料的影響,而有所不同。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | Defatted sesame meal (DSM) is a by-product obtained from sesame oil expelling process. The protein content of DSM will reach approximately 40-50% as the potential source of plant protein. Based on efficient utilization of by-products, the present study has focused on the preparation of protein concentrate from DSM by using enzyme pretreatment and alkaline extraction, followed by pH swing for protein recovery from alkaline extract. First, the optimization of alkaline extraction and pH swing for protein recovery that could be recovered from DSM was investigated. The results showed that the optimum conditions for alkaline extraction and protein precipitation were 0.1 N NaOH solutions at the ratio of 1: 30 (w/v) for 60 min and precipitated at pH 4.0. Protein product (DSM-P) prepared from DSM under optimum conditions, its protein content was 61.2% and protein recovery was 51.9%. In addition, ultrafiltration was also feasible to prepare protein product by concentrated and desalting. Second, the feasibility of the enzyme, Viscozyme®L used to facilitate protein extraction in this study was evaluated because the fiber might hinder the protein extraction. The sample with enzyme pretreatment (E-DSM) was served as starting material for the preparation of protein products. Protein product (E-DSM-P) prepared from E-DSM, its protein content was increased to 66% and the protein recovery was around 65%. For the outcome of enzyme pretreatment prior to alkaline extraction, the results indicated that there was no significant correlation between the amount of enzyme used and the protein content and protein recovery of the protein product. In addition, approximately 23% of total protein extracted from DSM without using alkaline solution at the ratio of 1:10 (w/v) was observed. Thus, the effect of hot washing pretreatment prior to enzyme pretreatment and alkaline extraction on the preparation of protein concentrates was studied. The sample with hot washing pretreatment (Prewashed-DSM) was subsequently served as starting material. In comparison to DSM-P, the protein content of protein product (Prewashed-DSM-P) prepared from Prewashed-DSM without enzyme pretreatment could reach 67.9% and protein recovery was 59.1%. Moreover, the effect of enzyme pretreatment after hot washing pretreatment, followed by alkaline extraction and protein precipitation on the preparation of protein concentrates was investigated. The result showed that the protein content and protein recovery of the protein product (E-Prewashed-DSM-P) was 63-64% and around 60% respectively. It indicated that use of enzyme pretreatment prior to alkaline extraction for the preparation of protein concentrates might not significantly improve the protein content. According to the overall results, a comparison of protein content and protein recovery between four protein products (DSM-P, E-DSM-P, Prewashed-DSM-P and E-Prewashed-DSM-P) was made. Taking cost and efficiency together with the present analytical results into consideration, we suggested that hot washing pretreatment prior to alkaline extraction would be an effective method to prepare protein concentrate from DSM which in the range of 65-68% protein content. Last, the preparation of protein products from defatted white sesame meals (DWSM) has studied. The protein content and protein recovery of the protein products (DWSM-P) prepared from DWSM were approximately 84% and 52.2% respectively. From the result, it concluded that the quality of final protein product varied depending on the starting materials and processing condition. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-10T21:35:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-105-R03623007-1.pdf: 2136837 bytes, checksum: 30b295b682e218116e4491a56e75dd71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 口試委員會審定書
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I 中文摘要 II ABSTRACT III TABLE OF CONTENTS V LIST OF TABLES IX LIST OF FIGURES XI ABBREVIATION LIST XIII CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 3 2.1 SESAME 3 2.1.1 History of sesame in the ancient time 3 2.1.2 Plant habitat and characteristics 3 2.1.3 Sesame seed Structure 4 2.1.4 Production and applications of sesame 4 2.1.5 Composition of sesame seed 5 2.2 SESAME OIL 8 2.2.1 Oil composition 8 2.2.2 Oil processing 8 2.2.3 Taiwan Trade 9 2.3 SESAME PROTEIN 10 2.3.1 Characteristic of sesame proteins 10 2.3.2 Health beneficial effects 12 2.3.3 Example of plant protein products 12 2.3.4 Extraction of sesame protein 14 2.4 FIBER 20 2.4.1 Enzyme Treatment 21 CHAPTER 3: MATERIALS AND METHODS 22 3.1 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN 22 3.2 MATERIALS 23 3.2.1 Raw materials 23 3.2.2 Chemicals 23 3.2.3 Enzyme 23 3.3 EQUIQMENT 26 3.4 ULTRAFILTRATION 26 3.5 PROTEIN DETERMINATION 27 3.5.1 Kjeldahl Method (AACC method 46-12 Kjeldahl method) 27 3.5.2 Bradford Assay 27 3.5.3 Formal Nitrogen Determination 28 3.5.4 Molecular size determination of proteins and protein subunits of sesame 29 3.5.5 Calculation 31 3.6 PROXIMATE COMPOSITION 32 3.7 METHODS 33 3.7.1 Preparation of starting materials 33 3.7.2 Preparation of protein concentrate 34 3.7.3 Enzyme Pretreatment 38 3.7.4 Hot washing pretreatment 40 3.7.5 The overall procedures and products obtained in this study 41 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 42 4.1 PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF STARTING MATERIALS 42 4.2 THE OPTIMUM CONDITIONS OF ALKALINE EXTRACTION, FOLLOWED BY PH ADJUSTMENT FOR PROTEIN RECOVERY BY PRECIPITATION 44 4.2.1 Effect of different NaOH concentrations on protein extraction 44 4.2.2 Effect of extraction time on protein extraction from DSM by using direct heating under reflux 45 4.2.3 Effect of weight-volume ratio on the protein extraction from DSM 45 4.2.4 Effect of pH for maximum protein recovery from extracted protein by precipitation 46 4.2.5 Preparation of protein concentrates under optimum condition 52 4.3 ENZYME PRETREATMENT 55 4.3.1 Effect of the amount of enzyme used on the enzymatic hydrolysis of substrate treated with Viscozyme®L 55 4.3.2 Effect of enzyme pretreatment on DSM 56 4.3.3 Preparation of protein products using enzyme pretreatment, followed by alkaline extraction and precipitation under optimum condition 57 4.4 HOT WASHING PRETREATMENT 61 4.4.1 Effect of hot washing pretreatment on DSM 61 4.4.2 Investigation of soluble fraction 62 4.4.3 Investigation of insoluble fraction 65 4.4.4 Comparison between multi-extraction and single extraction of protein on the preparation of protein products from prewashed-DSM 74 4.5 COMPREHENSIVE DISCUSSION ON PART Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ 76 4.6 PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF PROTEIN PRODUCTS 79 4.7 COMPARISON BETWEEN DIFFERENT SOURCES OF STARTING MATERIALS 81 4.7.1 Proximate composition of starting materials 81 4.7.2 A comparison of DSM and DWSM protein products 83 4.8 PROTEIN COMPOSITION OF THE PROTEIN PRODUCT 86 CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION 88 CHAPTER 6. REFERENCES 89 | |
dc.language.iso | en | |
dc.title | 由脫脂芝麻粕製備蛋白質濃縮物之研究 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Studies on the preparation of protein concentrate
from defatted sesame meal | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 104-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 李敏雄(Min-Hsiung Lee),陳錦樹(Chin-shuh Chen),鍾玉明(Youk-Meng Choong),邱淑媛(Shu-Yuan Chiou) | |
dc.subject.keyword | 芝麻油,大豆蛋白,ViscozymeR L,芝麻蛋白,鹼萃取-pH調整沉澱法, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | defatted sesame meal,enzyme treatment,alkaline extraction,hot washing pretreatment,ViscozymeRL, | en |
dc.relation.page | 95 | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU201601950 | |
dc.rights.note | 未授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2016-08-05 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 生物資源暨農學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 農業化學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 農業化學系 |
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