文山植物園之真黏菌組成及分佈類型暨溫度對生長的影響

Abstract

在陸域生態系中，真黏菌（Myxomycetes）於食物網的碎屑食物鏈（debris food chain）扮演著重要的角色。本研究自1996年8月至1997年11月於臺北縣石碇鄉的台大文山植物園進行。依照溫度、濕度、光度和人為幹擾的程度，將整個樣區分為輔迪山莊門口區、樣帶區和水同木次生林區。在研究期間，每月固定地採集並以濕室培養補充採集不足之處，共得19屬38種4變種的真黏菌子實體；而以Dictydium cancellatum (Batsch) Meylan的出現頻度最高，佔13.78％。出現頻度較高的屬依次為Dictydium Schrad. (13.78％)、Physarum Pers. (12.25％)、Didymium Schrad. (10.71％)、Stemonitis Roth (10.71％)、Cribraria Pers. (9.69％)和Collaria Nann.-Berm.（9.18％）。Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa var. poriodes (Alb. & Schw.) Lister和Comatricha typhoides var. simillis G. Lister為台灣的新記錄變種。 受到基質種類和物理性環境因數的影響，樣帶區的種豐富度和歧異度最高，輔迪山莊門口區與樣帶區的真黏菌群落之相似度則遠大於此兩區分別與水同木次生林區的相似度。大部分的真黏菌出現在木頭上，且隨著木頭的腐朽程度有不同種類的出現。夏、秋兩季中真黏菌的出現頻度與種數遠比春、冬兩季為多，降雨量和溫度為影響出現頻度與種數的重要因數。Didymium verrucosporum Welden和Physarum melleum (Berk. & Br.) Massee.的生長試驗顯示，人工培養時生長的溫度範圍與在野外的季節分佈具有關聯性，並且推論此兩種真黏菌在野外所採取的生存策略以達成生存及繁殖後代的目的。

In the terrestrial ecosystem, Myxomycetes plays an important role in the debris food chain of food web. This study of Myxomycetes had been going from August 1996 to November 1997 in Wenshan Botanical Garden in Taipei county, northern Taiwan. According to the temperature, moisture, light intensity and the extent of human disturbance, the study area were divided into three habitats—area inside the gate to Fuudyi Mansion, stripe land district and Ficus fistulosa secondary forest - where were visited monthly for the collection of fruiting bodies. The moist-chamber technique was also adopted to increase the biodiversity obtained (to make up the inadequacy by direct field collection). A total of thirty-eight species and four varieties in nighteen genera were obtained. Among them, Dictydium cancellatum (Batsch) Meylan was the most predominant species (13.78%), and Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa var. poriodes (Alb. & Schw.) Lister and Comatricha typhoides var. simillis G. Lister are new to Taiwan. As for the commoner genera in the order of frequency, they are Dictydium Schrad. (13.78%), Physarum Pers. (12.25%), Didymium Schrad. (10.71%), Stemonitis Roth (10.71%), Cribraria Pers. (9.69%) and Collaria Nann. -Berm. (9.18%). Influenced by physical environmental factors and the various substrate, both the species abundance and diversity in the stripe land district are highest, and the similarity of Myxomycetes communities between the area inside the gate to Fuudyi Mansion and the stripe land district is much higher than that between these two areas and Ficus fistulosa secondary forest, respectively. Most of the fruiting bodies obtained are lignicolous species, and they vary in kinds with the extent of wood decaying. The frequency and number of species are much higher in summer and autumn than in spring and winter. Both precipitation and the temperature are important factors affecting its frequency and number of species. The growth test of Didymium verrucosporum Welden and Physarum melleum (Berk. & Br.) shows there is a relationship between seasonal distribution in nature and the range of growth temperature in the laboratory environment, and suggesting that these two species might adopt suitable strategies for surviving and reproduction.