我國政府採購法之政風監督問題—以易滋弊端類型為中心

Abstract

政府採購法於88年5月正式施行以來，各機關辦理採購案件，仍有低價搶標、圍標與機關招標條件限制競爭等不當行為之傳聞，深為社會各界所詬病，探究其原因：一則採購業務所涉及法令層面極為廣泛，加以採購標的龐雜，採購案件之金額、需求、契約條件等錯綜交織構成繁複的採購型態；再則採購機關之業務性質、環境特性等，往往對採購方式發生不同之影響；不同採購型態可能衍生之弊端，在各項作業階段及環節，亦有所不同。 為使機關採購人員與職司採購內控的政風人員，能掌握採購過程中各種犯罪弊端手法與型態，預採導正及防範措施，特針對採購程序招（決）標、履約驗收階段中，根據100年至103年「工程會稽核監督全國各機關採購所見錯誤行為態樣彙整表」、實務發生之案例判決及工程會函釋中所呈現採購各階段可能發生之弊失型態及相關因應作法，依作業流程區分意圖分批採購、濫用限制性招標、圍綁標、最有利標決標、施工監造不實以及驗收不實等易滋弊端類型之爭議事項，從而針對上述爭議事項以政風監督的角色提出看法及建言，俾作為從事採購相關業務、監辦人員以及未來修法之參考。 關鍵字：政府採購法、低價搶標、意圖分批採購、濫用限制性招標、圍綁標、最有利標決標、施工監造不實、驗收不實、易滋弊端類型

The Government Procurement Act formally implemented since May 1999 in Taiwan. There were still had low-cost bidding, the standard and the organs of the tender conditions to restrict competition and other misconduct rumors in the authorities for procurement cases. And it was also the community criticized the criticism. To explore the reasons: 1.) procurement business involved a wide range of laws and regulations, to purchase the subjects of the complex, the amount of procurement cases, demand, contract conditions and other intertwined, constituting the complex types of procurement. 2.) The properties of the business of procurement agencies, environmental characteristics, etc., there were often on the procurement of different ways. 3.) Different types of procurement may be derived from the shortcomings in the operation phases and links are all different. In order to make the procurement staffs and the staff procurement of internal control of the political personnel, to grasp the procurement process of various malpractice practices and patterns. And to take precautions and precautionary measures in advance. Especially for the procurement process strokes (and decision) standard, acceptance stages. According to the summary of the wrong behaviors on audit and supervise the organs in by Public Constitution Commission (PCC) in 2011-2014, case judgment of practice occurred, Showing that may occur the shortcomings of the types and relationship to the practice in the various stages of procurement. Following the operating process to distinguish between intentional batch purchase, abuse of restrictive bidding, encirclement, the most favorable bidder, construction supervision is not true and the acceptance is not real and other types of disputes. This study will give suggestions for types of malpractice from political ethic views. The conclusions could provide consultations to staffs of the procurement-related business and superintendency. Keywords: The Government Procurement Act, Low-cost bidding, Intention to purchase in batches, Abuse of restrictive tenders, Encirclement, The most favorable bidder, false in construction supervision, false in acceptance check, types of accrued abuses