經世之文法：劉勰《文心雕龍》與劉知幾《史通》之比較研究

Abstract

本研究以「經世之文法」為考察的基準及論述的主軸，並分六大章，依序比較、剖析劉勰《文心雕龍》和劉知幾《史通》在撰作背景和動機、結構佈局、析論理路、理論內容五大方面的相同、相似和相異之處，從而揭示：在這兩部董理集成了先秦迄齊唐文章學與歷史編纂學的理論鉅作之間，既具有沿革生衍之血緣、由博轉精之變數，又同具並駕齊驅、分天競曜之貢獻，故極具比較研究之價值。劉勰《文心雕龍》與劉知幾《史通》之間的互文性，實非過往一般研究之僅著眼於其中單一文本、單一作者或單一時代之有限視域，所能較顯者也。蓋二劉均欲以文章和史傳，作為銘刻人事、陶育人心、經緯人倫的中介及載器，欲由明「文道」、「史道」而弘「人道」、「天道」，亦即試圖透過總結、提煉古今文史撰作及評論的一系列原理與章法，而闡明文筆與史筆實可發揮治世、治事、治心的深遠功能。

Taking “the statecrafting principles of writings” as a base of observation or an axis of discourse, this study consists of six chapters to compare and analyse the samenesses, similarities and differences between Liu Xie’s Wen Xin Diao Long and Liu Zhi Ji’s Shi Tong, which manifested all-around in their motivations and backgrounds of composing, the systematic frameworks, the analytic modes and procedures, and the theoretical thoughts of these two masterpieces. As the monumental theories represented a comprehensive generalization of views or ideas of various literary writings and historical writings from Pre-Qin to Southern-Qi and early Tang dynasty, Wen Xin Diao Long and Shi Tong not only had a latent kinship of evolution from origin to change and from extensiveness to specialization, and also kept abreast of times and eath other with their high contributions, it thence appeared a merit of comparative study of the intertextuallity between these two works which has been neglected by previous single-minded reseaches. Liu Xie and Liu Zhi Ji both devoted their theories to propagating that good literary and historical works could be effective mediums or carriers which record human’s matters, edify human’s mind and regulate human’s relationship, and they both believed that the true principles of literature and history relect the eternal verities of human and heaven, thus it was necessary to refine overall a series of principles of writings and criticism in domains of literature (in broad sense) and history from past to future.