飼料中添加油脂與還原蝦紅素對淡水長臂蝦雌蝦卵巢及卵之影響

Abstract

經由飼料中添加不同的油脂與還原蝦紅素，探討其在淡水長臂蝦卵巢與卵中的蓄積，及對孵化率之影響。實驗結果如下： 1、以添加大豆油與烏賊油組的雌蝦抱卵率較佳，其中烏賊油組的HSI及GSI增加較快，且肝胰腺、卵巢中總脂質蓄積較多，卵的孵化率也較佳。 2、添加卵磷脂雖可促使GSI 增加、卵巢的總脂質蓄積較多、卵的孵化率也較佳，但雌蝦於脫殼時發生死亡的比例卻最高。 3、雌蝦肝胰腺蓄積脂質從第二期開始至第三期，到交配脫殼期時含量最低；卵巢則從第三期開始蓄積脂質，到交配脫殼期時含量最高，顯示卵巢在第三期開始發育。 4、卵中總脂質含量隨胚胎發育而逐漸減少。 5、肝胰腺脂質組成以非極性脂質（NPL）佔大部分，卵巢則蓄積較多量的極性脂質（PL），在卵中維持NPL:PL=70:30。 6、肝胰腺、卵巢與卵中脂質含量、脂防酸組成會受飼料中不同脂質的影響。 7、添加還原蝦紅素不影響雌蝦肝胰腺、卵巢與卵中總脂質的蓄積量，但會影響卵中色素的蓄積量。 8、卵中色素含量會在胚胎發育過程中，於第二期時明顯上升，然後逐漸減少。 9、添加還原蝦紅素不影響卵的孵化率。 經由實驗結果，建議在飼料中添加3?4％的烏賊油，對淡水長臂蝦卵巢發育與卵孵化率有極佳效果；與添加16.7ppm的還原蝦紅素，能減少淡水長臂蝦發生蝦殼退色的現象。

Experiments were conducted to study the effects of dietary lipids and astaxanthin supplemented diets on the accumulations of ovaries and eggs, and hatched percent of eggs of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The results were: 1、The female prawns fed the soybean oil and squid viscera oil diets, a higher fecundity were found than others. The percents of HSI and GSI, accumulational content of total lipids in the hepatopancreas and ovary, and hatched percent of eggs were highter in the group fed with squid viscera oil diet. 2、Although there were promotionally increased the percent of GSI, more accumulational content of total lipids and higher hatched percent of eggs in the group fed with lecithin diet, but the percent of incompletely molting death was the highest. 3、The accumulation of total lipids in the hepatopancreas of female prawns started from the second stage to the third stage and at the premating-molt stage the content of total lipids was the lowest. The accumulation of total lipids in the ovary started from the third stage and at the premating-molt stage the content of total lipids was the highest. So, the ovary developed from the third stage. 4、The total lipids of eggs decreased with embryonic development. 5、The higher percent composition of nonpolar lipid fraction was in the hepatopancreas, but more accumulational content of polar lipid fraction was in the ovary. The NPL/PL ratio was 7/3 in the egg. 6、Total lipid and fatty acid composition in the hepatopancreas, ovary and egg were influenced upon the kinds of dietary lipids. 7、The accumulational contents of total lipids in the hepatopancreas, ovary and egg were not influenced upon the dietary astaxanthin. But the accumulational contents of total carotenoids in eggs were influenced upon the supplemented levels of dietary astaxanthin. 8、The total carotenoid contents of eggs decreased with embryonic development. But the highest content was found at the second stage. 9、The hatched percent of eggs was not influenced upon the supplemented levels of dietary astaxanthin. The results suggested that supplemented from 3% to 4% of squid viscera oil in the diet was more effective in the ovarian development and egg hatchability of M. rosenbergii. And at least supplemented 16.7ppm of astaxanthin in the diet could decrease the degradation of pigmentation in the carapace of M. rosenbergii.