臺灣魚藤族植物花粉及分類研究

Abstract

本論文研究台灣魚藤族植物5屬13種，觀察其外部形態，並利用光學顯微鏡，掃描式電子顯微鏡及穿透式電子顯微鏡觀察花粉形態；而部分種子外形亦以掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察之。 本族花粉外壁層次一致，蓋基間層為圓柱狀，僅有基層由明顯而連續至不連續層狀之變化，並不以屬為界限，外壁紋飾則在屬內明顯分化，屬間亦無法區分；本文依花粉外壁紋飾及層次將各屬之花粉類型分開處理，魚藤屬、水黃皮及紫藤各為一個類型，雞血藤屬及灰毛豆屬各三個類型。 本族各屬植物之花粉類型間，為連續變化，因此單就台灣5屬之花粉形態，目前仍無助於屬間之分類，亦可印證本族植物在分類上之複雜性。以花粉類型與各屬之外部形態特徵加以對照，大致上互相呼應，故花粉特徵應可為輔助屬內分類之工具。由花粉與種子形態比較結果，亦支持灰毛豆屬烏仔草分類群之合併。另外，本文亦發現蘭嶼魚藤花粉具兩種紋飾，而厚果魚藤及水黃皮之不同成熟度花粉亦有差異，對於此類現象則須就花粉之發育過程再深入探討。

This study is concerned with the 5 genera, 13 species of tribe Millettieae in Taiwan, using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy to examine pollen morphology. It also uses scanning electron microscopy to examine seed morphology. The exine stratification is similar in the pollen of this tribe. Its interstitium is in the form of columella. The foot layer ranges from clear and connected to unconnected and layered, but it is not divided by genus. Exine ornamentation is clearly differentiated in each genera. However, there is no way to distinguish between the exine ornamentation of different genera. The types were distinguished by exine ornamentation and exine stratification. The genera Derris, Pongamia, and Wisteria are each represented by a single type. The genus Millettia and genus Tephrosia are each represented by three types. The pollen types of the tribe are continuously changing. Palynological character is useless in determining intergenus taxonomy; however, palynological study can be used to identify the plants of the tribe as complex in taxonomy. Using pollen types can clarify intergenus taxonomy through comparison with morphology. Palynological study and seed morphology support the combination of the taxa of Tephrosia purpurea. In addition, this study has determined two different kinds of exine ornamentation in the pollen of Derris oblonga. It has also determined that the pollen of Millettia pachycarpa and Pogamia pinnata have different exine ornamentation at different stages of development. Concerning the phenomenon of pollen development, more research is necessary.