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dc.contributor.author陳立言zh_TW
dc.date.accessioned2021-07-01T08:16:23Z-
dc.date.available2021-07-01T08:16:23Z-
dc.date.issued1992
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Heath , A . G . 1977 . Toxicity of intermittent chlorination to freshwater fish : influence of temperature and chlorine form . Hydrobiologia 56 : 39-47 .
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Middaugh, D . P . , Burnett , L . E .and Couch, J . A . 1980 . Toxicological and physiological responses of the fish , Leistomus xanathurus ,exposed to chlorine produced oxidants. Esstuaries 3 ( 2 ) : 132-141 .
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Mourik, J . , Raeven , P . , Steur , K . ,and Addink, A. D. F. 1982 Anaerobic metabolism of red skeletal muscle of goldfish ( Carassius auratus ) : mitochondrial produced acetaldehyde as anaerobic electron acceptor , FEBS Lett . , 137 : 11-19 .
Nakano , T .and Tomlin , N . 1967 . Catecholamine and carbohydrate concentration in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri ) in relation to physical disturbance . J . Fish . Res . Can . 24 : 1701-1705 .
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林仁仁,1986。鹽度刺激對吳郭魚之呼吸和碳水化合物代謝影響之探討-與鯉魚和虱目魚比較。國立臺灣大學海洋碩士論文。
陳秋錦,陳瑤湖,魏志榮,1989。氯對水族生態的影響。中國水產, 438 : 33-39 。
羅錦華,1991。銅對豆仔魚急性毒性及慢性影響之研究。國立臺灣大學漁業科學研究所碩士論文。
dc.identifier.urihttp://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/75913-
dc.description.abstract活性氯( active chlorine )用途很廣,常做為生物除劑或漂白劑。它在水中形成的殘餘氯( chlorine residue,簡稱殘氯)對生物具有很強的毒性,本實驗的目的是以一次釋放次氯酸鈉( NaOCl )的方式,探討吳郭魚(Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus)對殘餘氯的耐性,及不同溫度、溶氧量狀況下殘餘氯對吳郭魚生理的影響,其中以呼吸代謝生理為重點,並觀察行為、組織學、血中萄葡糖、滲透壓及血比容之變化情形,以期瞭解吳郭魚在殘氯作用下的各項生理反應及其調節適應的機制,並探討各項生理指標之意義。
在幼魚毒性試驗中求得吳郭魚幼魚(體長 2.8?4.2 公分,體重 0.8?1.2 克)在 24 ℃ 下之半致死時間( median lethal time , LT50)與濃度( C )之關係式為: C = 0.70 × ( l / L T50 )4 + 0.2336 × ( l / L T50 )2 + 0.4792 , r2 = 0.99。成魚(體長 21-25 公分,體重 179.21士3.74 克)在 19-21.5℃ 所得半致死時間與濃度之關係式為: C = 3502.706 × ( l / L T50 )4 + 2.9815 , r2 = 0.94。成魚及幼魚累積死亡率均隨濃度增加而增加,死亡時間亦隨濃度增加而減短。
行為觀察顯示吳郭魚在殘氯作用下行動減緩,趨於靜止,停留於底層,鰓部活動幾近停止,瀕臨死亡之魚尾鰭末端出現血絲。殘氯作用下之鰓部組織出現腫大( hypertrophy or swell )、鰓板癒合( fusion )及壞疽 ( hecrosis )等病變,更嚴重者表皮細胞脫落( sloughing )。
於溶氧量 4?1 mg/1溫度 23 士 2℃ 時控制組之耗氧率隨溶氧量之降低而減少之趨勢較溫度 16 士 2℃ 時明顯。控制組高、低溶氧之平均耗氧率差異,在 23℃大於16℃ ,顯示23℃下吳郭魚有較高之臨界溶氧分壓( critical oxygen tension ,簡稱PC );殘氯濃度2mg/l以上各組耗氧率驟減至50mg/hr/kg以下,與殘氯1mg/l組及控制組差異顯著。各濃度下23℃之耗氧率高於16℃下之耗氧率。
耗氧生理指標結果顯示,在高溶氧(D.O.=7?4 mg/l)下,乳酸去氫?(Lactate Dehydrogenase,LDH)活性受低濃度殘氯(2 mg/l)作用而增加,但在高濃度殘氯(8 mg/l)作用下,LDH活性被抑制。在低溶氧(D.O.= 4?1 mg/l )狀態,各殘氯濃度作用下之LDH活性普遍較高溶氧組低,在殘氯8 mg/l時,LDH活性略有下降之趨勢,但溫度對LDH活性影響不明顯。另外肌肉與肝臟之檸檬酸合成?(Citrate Synthase,CS)活性在溶氧量下降及殘氯雙重作用下,無論高低溶氧的情況,均有隨殘氯濃度增加而漸升的趨勢,然而溫度對 CS 活性之影響不明顯。最後,滲透壓隨殘氯濃度增加而減少,但溫度與溶氧對滲透壓之影響不顯著。
充足曝氣下,吳郭魚在次氯酸鈉加入後,定時採樣的結果顯示,殘氯量1,3,4 mg/l下肌肉LDH在前12小時內之活性均高於控制組,殘氯濃度8 mg/l時,LDH有受抑制的現象。在殘氯濃度1 mg/l下,肝臟LDH活性在前12小時內高於控制組,殘氯3,4,8 mg/l作用下,活性多低於控制組,而活性上下變動之情況隨濃度增加而幅度加大,殘氯量8 mg/l組在0.5小時出現各組之最高活性,在第1及第6小時出現各組之最低活性。再則,肌肉與肝臟CS活性在48小時之觀察下,顯示在各殘氯濃度作用下皆低於控制組,此即表示有氧途徑之代謝受到抑制。血中葡萄糖濃度變化明顯,殘氯 1mg/l即快速上升,在殘氯4 mg/l時,已趨近飽和,8 mg/l組在24小時內且無恢復趨勢。吳郭魚血清滲透壓受殘氯作用而有下降趨勢,其下降的程度與恢復之時間隨殘氯濃度增加而增加,殘氯8 mg/l之作用,在24小時之觀察中降至250 mOsm/kg,無恢復之趨向。血比容受殘氯作用而上升,其變化程度在前24小時內變化明顯,上升程度隨殘氯濃度增加而增加, 8 mg/l組在24小時內無恢復之跡象。
比較各項生理指標,得知耗氧率、酵素活性變化及血中葡萄糖變化較滲透壓及血比容靈敏。在低溶氧、高殘氯雙重作用下,CS活性略升,LDH活性不旺盛,顯示吳郭魚在嚴重缺氧下有特殊之調節方式,而在曝氣充足之情況下,吳郭魚受殘氯作用,肌肉與肝臟CS活性大減,顯示代謝大幅降低。整體而言,從行為、呼吸、耗氧率及酵素活性變化來看,吳郭魚是以降低能量消耗的方式來適應殘氯及低溶氧造成之緊迫作用。
zh_TW
dc.description.provenanceMade available in DSpace on 2021-07-01T08:16:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 1992
en
dc.description.tableofcontents摘 要………………………………………………………………………………………………I
一、前言……………………………………………………………………………………………1
二、材料與方法……………………………………………………………………………………8
三、結果……………………………………………………………………………………………20
四、討論……………………………………………………………………………………………32
五、參考文獻………………………………………………………………………………………43
六、表………………………………………………………………………………………………50
七、圖………………………………………………………………………………………………56
八、照片……………………………………………………………………………………………93
謝 辭
dc.language.isozh-TW
dc.title殘餘氯對吳郭魚呼吸及代謝之影響zh_TW
dc.date.schoolyear80-2
dc.description.degree碩士
dc.relation.page102
dc.rights.note未授權
dc.contributor.author-dept生命科學院zh_TW
dc.contributor.author-dept漁業科學研究所zh_TW
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