桃園八德地區設施短期葉菜生產成本與價格分析

Abstract

國產短期葉菜以露天及網室生產為主，露天及網室栽培以中南部為主要產區而設施栽培則以桃園為主要產區，而桃園地區又以八德為主要生產區域，台灣蔬菜生產在冬季產量充足，但在夏季若遇上颱風、暴雨等災害，常成供應減少而菜價高漲，所以抗災型設施葉菜類生產面積就變得非常重要。 桃園地區為我國設施蔬菜生產重地，多以簡易膠膜溫室為主，小面積管理栽種各式短期葉菜類，能降低因氣候因素而產生的損害，也能維持穩定的品質，但因設施栽培成本較露天栽培高，而菜價是否能反映成本或設施栽培是否能獲利值得了解。本研究選定常見之短期葉菜，不結球白菜之土白菜、小葉種蕹菜及圓葉菠菜三項為分析項目，蒐集彙整桃園八德地區交易資料，利用統計分析比較短期葉菜類價格，桃園八德地區不結球白菜(土白菜)及圓葉菠菜兩種品項平均價格高於台北一市，但小葉種蕹菜台北一市平均價格高於八德地區，另外就生產成本來看，簡易溫室短期葉菜之成本高出露天及水平網室許多，若是以拍賣市場為主要銷貨通路，不符其投資效益。 雖然設施短期葉菜品質跟供應較露天生產穩定，質好量穩，但設施短期葉菜類其營運成本高於露天種植，在冬季葉菜類量產豐收而產生供需不平衡的長期低價時，走向傳統共同運銷就變成劣勢，無法彰顯其價值，導致北部設施蔬菜經營產生極大危機，因此本研究建議八德設施蔬菜農戶應利用靠近新北、台北、桃園等三大需求地的優勢，結合短距離的冷藏物流走向價格與供應穩定的契作模式，增加獲利。

The domestic short-term vegetables are mainly produced outdoor under the net. The outdoor and net cultivation is mainly centralized in the south and central region in Taiwan, while Taoyuan is the main production area of the cultivation of the facilities planted vegetables, while Bade District, Taoyuan City is the main production area. In the winter, the production is sufficient, but in the summer, natural disasters such as typhoon and heavy rain often leads to serious damages that reduce the supply of vegetables and make the price of vegetable increase. Therefore, Disaster-resistant facilities are very important for the production of leafy vegetables. Taoyuan area is the key area for the production of vegetables in Taiwan. For the production of various short-term leafy vegetables, farmers usually adopting simple plastic film greenhouse and small-area management that can reduce the damages caused by climatic factors and maintain quality in stability. However, the cost of outdoor cultivation is high, so it is worth knowing whether the price of vegetables can reflect the cost or whether the cultivation of the facility can make profits. In this study, the common short-term leafy vegetables are selected as the analyzed items, including non-heading Chinese cabbage, water spinach and round-leaf spinach. The transaction data of the Taoyuan Bade area was collected and analyzed to compare the price of short-term leafy vegetables. The average price of Chinese cabbage in Taoyuan Bade area is higher than that of Taipei City, the average price of water spinach in Taipei City is higher than that of Bade area. On the other hand, the cost of greenhouse short-term leafy vegetables is much higher than that of outdoor and horizontal insect screen net. If the auction market is the main sales channel, it does not match its investment benefits. Although the quality of the short-term leafy vegetables in the greenhouse is stable, the costs of greenhouse is higher than that of outdoor planting. In the winter, the prices of leafy vegetables in Taipei are comparatively low and under the situation of unbalanced demand, so the co-operating marketing becomes unprofitable. Therefore, this study suggests that farmers in the Bade area should adopt contract farming and take advantage of geographical advantage to establish short-distance cold chain logistics to New Taipei City, Taipei City and Taoyuan City for the sake of higher profits.