尖尾文鳥（Lonchura striata）及斑文鳥（Lonchura punctulata）的比較生物學

Abstract

1988年1月至1989年1月在新竹縣新豐鄉崁頭溪流域，觀察同域（sympatric）的斑文鳥（Lonchura punctulata）和尖尾文鳥（L. striata），企圖瞭解它們基本生活史以及它們之間的差異，並藉此探尋它們如何得以同域生存之原因。 斑文鳥及尖尾文鳥自然生活史近似，例如 1）．一年四季均以種籽為食，兩者食物相在種類方面亦大部分重疊，其會在穀物生產季節攝取穀物，並且有攝食水綿（Spirogray sp.）之特殊行為；2）．除繁殖期外個體成群活動，覓食區兩種文鳥常形成混合覓食群，冬季夜間成群巢棲；3）．巢型均為一橢圓球形，側開一管狀口道，口外以延長的草葉掩蓋，築巢在9月以後巢口會躲開東北季風而開向西南；4）．卵均呈純白色，孵化天數均為12至13天；幼鳥孵化後第18天離巢，100天左右具成熟羽色。 兩種文鳥不同的是：1）．形態上具不同羽色，斑文鳥個體大於尖尾文鳥；2）．斑文鳥的生殖季自5月至11月底止，以6月及10月為兩個生殖高峰，尖尾文鳥的生殖季自4月至12月底止，以5月、7月及10月為三個生殖高峰，9月之前兩者呈一多一少的間隔，10月為最後一個高峰且互相重疊；3）．尖尾文鳥孵化率為65％，大於斑文鳥的36％；4）．築巢材料均以草葉及種穗為主，尖尾文鳥巢底喜用乾竹葉異於斑文鳥，而斑文鳥趨向於使用綠色草葉；5）．具有同域的築巢位置，但是尖尾文鳥選擇範圍大於斑文鳥。 除上述之比較以外，並且估計了兩種文鳥幼雛體重的指數成長曲線。它們分別是，斑文鳥： W＝11.47/1＋e-0.31(t-7.42) 尖尾文鳥： W＝8.21/1＋e-0.38 (t-5.06)

A research trying to realize specific life history of Sharp-tailed Munia (L. striata) and Spotted Munia (L. punctulata) was carried out at Kan-tou River bank in Chin-chu countury, from January 1988 to January 1989. An effort trying to find the difference between their life histories and the mechamish that made their sympatrical living was also put to research goal. The findings that indicated their similarity in natural history were that: 1). feed on seed all year round, food spectrum were very near and deleterious to corp production; 2). nest were all ellipse shape with tubular opening at upper side; and both hided their opening with long grass stalks; both opening were south-western directed in order to get rid of wind sweep; 3). both eggs were pure white; with a hatching time of 12-13 days, a nestling period of about 18 days, and an about-100-days of reaching adult plume. The difference between them were: 1). body size, in which of Spotted Munia was greater than Sharp-tailed Munia; 2). breeding season, that of Spotted Munia was from may to November, where that of Sharp-tailed Munia was from April to December; 3). asynchronous activity pattern; the hightest activity for Spotted Munia was in June and October, and Sharp-tailed Munia was in May, July and October; 4). hatching success, that of Sharp-tailed Munia was 65% which was greater than that of Spotted Munia of 36%. 5). minor nest material, that of Sharp-tailed Munia was dry bamboo leaf, and that of Spotted Munia was green stuff; 6). range of nest locality, that of Sharp-tailed Munia was more wide spread than that of Spotted Munia. Apart from those comparison, the logestic growth curve of body weight were also estimmated. That for Spotted Munia was: W = 11.47 / 1 + e-0.31 (t - 7.42) and for Sharp-tailed Munia was: W = 8.21 / 1 + e-0.38 (t - 5.06)