鱗魨亞目類緣關係之研究

Abstract

本文目的在針對鱗魨亞目，研究探討其間的類綠關係,本亞目共包括四科一一擬三棘棘魨科，三棘魨科，鱗魨科，及單棘魨科。利用腸型，骨骼系統，及外部形態測定值，其中骨骼系統及外部形態測定值，分別用分枝分類學(cladistics)，及表型分離學(phenetics)來研究其類綠關係。從腸型研究得知單棘魨科並不是一個單元體系(monophy1etic group) ，而擬三棘魨科的腸型並不穩定，無法找出其規則性;另外從鱗片構造看鱗魨科的類綠關係，因為鱗片的特徵其發生證據薄弱，而無法判斷彼此間的關係，目前僅獲知其屬間的差異，但鱗片構造在單棘魨科則是一個很好的屬特徵(Generic character);由骨骼系統所導出的類綠關係，獲知四科皆為單元體系，其中擬三棘純科的類綠關係，確能反應目前的分類體系，而在鱗魨科，可以分成兩個姐妹群(Sister groups ), Canthidermis為一獨立群，另一姐妹群中，除 Xanth-ichthys, Odonus和Melichthys其關係較近外，而另外Sufflamen與Rhinecanthus則較近，在單棘純中，也可分成兩個姐妹群，一為Brachaluteres, Paraluteres，Rudarius及Chaetoderma，另一群為其餘的單棘魨，而其中Anacanthus是與其他一些單棘魨成一單元體系，並不是獨立的一支；從形態測定發現鱗魨的形態與骨骼系統的演化並不吻合，在擬三棘魨科中，由形態測定所導出的類綠關係，與目前的分類體系完全不同，但確反映出擬三棘魨的形態構造。在鱗魨與單棘魨，其屬間彼此的相互關係，與骨骼系統雖較相似，但在大的架構上差異仍然極大。 本研究所使用的四種方法獲得的結果雖然彼此不相互配合，這是由於形質演化的歧異，但可信度較高的為骨骼系統。因為骨骼系統所使用的形質較多，涵蓋面較廣。 從鱗片、骨骼、外部形態，獲知單棘魨中，Monacanthus Chinensis與M. ciliatus，M. tuckeri 雖為同屬，但不是一個單元體系，後二種應獨立為一個新屬。

The present study of Balistoidei aims at their interrelationships between genera of four farnilies-Triacanthodidae, Triacanthidae, Balistidae and Monacanthidae, by using scales, intestine coiling patterns, osteology and morphometric measurements for characteristics in cladistic and phonetic analysis to make phylogenetic trees. According to the study of intestine coiling patterns, Monacanthidae is not a monophyletic group. Because of the weak evidence of ontogeny, it is difficult to decide the polarities of characters of scale and can not construct the phylogeny by using scale. The differences in scales between genera could be known and find that the morphology of scales is a very good generic character for Monacanthidae. On the other hand, all four families are distinct monophyletic groups according to the cladistic analysis of osteology. On the osteological evidence, the phylogeny of Triacanthodidae reflects its systematics. And Balistidae can be divided into two sister groups. One sister group is Canthidermis. And the other one inoluding the remain genera of this family, of which Xanthichthys, Odonus and Melichthys, Sufflamen and Rhinecanthus are very close each other respectly. Monacanthidae can also be devided into two sister groups, one sister group is composed of Brachaluteres, Faraluteres, Rudarius and Chaetoderma. Another one is composed of Brachaluteres into two sister groups, one sister group is composed of Brachaluteres, Paraluteres. Rudarius and Chaetoderma. Another. One is composed of other monacanthids. From the morphometrie study. The phylegenetio these are much different from the osteological phylogeny. The phylogeny of Triacanthcdidae based on morphomeiric measurements does not reflect the ays□□□□□□□ but exa□□y refl□□□ their ex□ernal morpholo□□ and the phyl□□enies of Ba□□□□□□□ and Mon□□□□□□□□□□do,too .The interrelationships constructed by the four □□□□□□□ are □□□ident□□□l because of difference in the av□lution of characters of each methods, but the phylogeny of oharacters. Monacanth□s is not a monophyletic group a□□□rding to the studies of scales, osteology and morphmetic measurement. The Atlantic species –M. ci□iatus and M. tuckeri shcul□ be belong to a new genus.