台灣鳳尾蕨科孢子之研究

Abstract

Pteridaceae sensu Copeland (1947)臺灣共計23屬，本文共描21屬，90種。此21屬依孢子形態之相似度的大小可分為四大類，以下分12小群。第一類為具有perine的單溝孢子，有Lindsaea, Sphenomeris, Tapeinidium（以上三者由於perine等的為徵非常相似。而歸為同一群），Paesia, Hypolepis及Histiopteris（此三屬各為獨立的群）等四小群。第二類為具有Perine而無equatorial ridge的三叉溝孢子，有Cheilanthes Doryopteris, Mildella, Pteridium（以上四屬同歸於一群），Monachosorum, Adiantum及Lindsaea,（以上三屬各為獨立的群）等四小群。第三類為不具perine且無equatorial ridge的三叉溝孢子，有Cibotium, Coniogramme, Microlepia, Dennstaedtia（以上四屬為同一群），Pteris及Cryptogramma等三群。第四類為具有equatorial ridge的三叉溝孢子，有Cibotium, Pteris, Onychium Anogramma及Pitygramma共為一群。 台灣Cibotium依外部形態分類，只有一種C.barometz，但不同來源的標本，孢子具有兩種不同的形態，或可分成兩種，尚須由解剖學或細胞遺傳學來辨證。

Copeland (1947) treated 63 genera in his family Pteridaceae. There are 23 of these genera in Taiwan. Spores of 90 species belonging to 21 genera of Pteridaceae are described here. From the data analysis obtained from the similarity of spore morphology, we propose to reconsider the t taxonomical system of Pteridaceae sensu Copeland and make four separate large groups twelve subgroups. The spores of the first group are of the monolete-bilateral type with perine, these can be divided into four subgroups. Genera belonging to these subgroups are (1) Lindsaea, Sphenomeria and Tapeinidium, (2) Paesia (3) Hypolepis (4) Histiopteris. The spores of the second group are of the trilete-tetrahedral type with various kinds of perine but devoid of an equatorial ridge, and these can be divided into four subgroups. Genera belonging to these subgroups are (1) Cheilanthes, Doryopteris, Mildella and Pteridium, (2) Monachosorum (3) Adiantum (4) Lindsaea. The spores of the third group are of the trilete-tetrahedral type without perine and equatorial ridge, and these can be divided into three subgroups. Genera belong to these subgroups are (1) Cibotium, Comiogramma, Microlepia and Dennstaedtia (2) Pteris (3) Cryptogramma. Spores of the fourth group are characteristiced by having an equatorial ridge girdling the spores. The spores of Pteris, Onychium., Anogramma, Pityrogramma and Cibotium belong to this group. Only one species of Cibotium is recorded from Taiwan, but two distinctive type of spores are found in the different specimens examined. Perhaps Cibotium in Taiwan may be able to reclassified into more than one taxon when further studies based on anatomy and cytogenetics are carried out.