請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件：
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/75511完整後設資料紀錄
| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.author | 徐芝敏 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-07-01T08:13:36Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2021-07-01T08:13:36Z | - |
| dc.date.issued | 1984 | |
| dc.identifier.citation | Albers, P. H. 1978. Habitat selection by breeding Red-winged Blackbirds. Wilson Bull. 90:619-634. Ali, S. & S. D. Ripley, 1971. Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan, Vol, London, Oxford University Press. Amadon, D. 1959. The significance of sexual differences in size among birds. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 103:531-536. Andersson, M., G. Wikulund & H. Rundgren. 1980. Parental defence of offspring: a model and an example. Anim. Behav. 28:536-542. Andrew, J. R. 1961. The displays given by Passerenes in courtship and reproductive fighting: A review. Ibis 103a:315-348, 549-579. Andrew, R. J. 1969. The effects of testerone on avian vocalizations. in Bird Vocalization, p97-130. Ed. by R. A. Hinde. Cambridge Univ. Press. Armstrong, E. A. 1965. Bird display and behaviour. New York, Dover Publ., Inc., 431pp. Banks, R. C. 1964. Geographic variation in the White-crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys. Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. 70:1-123. Bednarz, J. C. and J. J. Dinsmore. 1982. Nest-sites and habitat of Red-shouldered and Red-tailed Hawks in Iowa. Wilson Bull. 94:31-45. Blanchard, B. D. 1941. The White-crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys of the Pacific seaboard: environment and annual cycle. Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. 46:1-178. Burger, J. & F. Lesser. 1978. Selection of colony sites and nest sites by Common Terns Sterna hirundo in Ocean County, New Jersey. Ibis 120:433-449. Catchpole, C. K. 1979. Vocal communication in birds. Institute of Biology. Studies in Biology, Vol. 115, 69pp. Cheng, T. H. 1963. China's Economic Fauna: Birds. Institute of Zoological Research. Chinese Academy of Science. Chou, L. S. 1983. The behavior study of the red-bellied tree squirrel, Callosciurus erythraeus, in the Taipei Botanical Garden. M. S. Thesis. Institute of Zoololy, N. T. U. 79pp. Cody, M. L. 1978. Habitat selection and interspecific territoriality . among the Sylviid warblers of England and Sweden. Ecol. Monogr. 48:351-396. Conner, R. N. and C. S. Adkisson 1977. Principal component analysis of woodpecker nesting habitat. Wilson Bull. 89:122-129. Emlen, S. T. & L. W. Oring. 1977. Ecology, sexual selection, and the evolution of mating systems. Science 197:215-223. Enright, J. T. 1966. Influences of seasonal factors on the activity onset of the House Finch. Ecology 47:662-666. Frith, C. B. 1981. Miscellaneous bulbul field notes (Aves: Pycnonotidae) from Thailand. Natural History Bulletin 29: 167-172. Grant, P. R. 1968. Bill size, body size and the ecological adaptations of bird species to competitive situations on islands. Syst. Zool. 17:319-333. Hamilton, S. and R. F. Johnston 1978. Evolution in the House Sparrow--Ⅵ. Variability and niche width. Auk 95:313-323. Hamner, W. M. 1965. Photoperiodic testicular respomses of the House Finch Carpodacus mexicanus. Ph. D. Thesis. Univ. of Calif. Los Angeles. Hachisuka, M. & T. Udagawa. 1950-51. Contribution to the ornithology of Formosa, Part I and II. Quart. Jour. Taiwan Museum 3(4):187-280; 4(Nos. 1&2):1-180. Hasson, O. 1983. The social behavior of the black-capped bulbul. Isral land and nature 8:104-109. Hebrard, J. J. 1978. Habitat selection in two species of Spizella: A concurrent laboratory and field study. Auk 95:404-410. Hinde, R. A. 1959. Behaviour and speciation in birds and lower vertebrates. Biol. Rev. 34:85-128. ------------ 1956. The biological significance of the territories of birds. Ibis 98:340-370. ------------ 1955-1956. A comparative study of the courtship of certain finches (Fringillidae). Ibis 97:706-745; 98:1-23. ------------ 1954. The courtship and copulation of the Greenfish(Chloris chloris) Behavior 7:207-232. Horn, H. S. 1968. The adaptiove significance of colonial nesting in the Brewer's Blackbird(Euphagus cyanocephalus). Ecology 49:682-694. Jenni, D. A. 1969. A study of the ecology of four species of herons during the breeding season at Lake Alice Alachua county, Florida. Ecol. Monogr. 39:245-270. Johnson, N. K. 1980. Character variation and evolution of siblind species in the Empidonax difficilis-flavescens complex (Aves: Tyrannidae). Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. Vol. 112 pp157. Johnson, R. A. & D. W. Wichern. 1982. Applied multivariate statistical analysis. New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs. 594pp. Karr, J. R. 1976. Within and between habitat avian diversity in African and Neotropical lowland habitats. Ecol. Monogr. 46:457-481. Knapton, R. W. and J. B. Falls. 1982. Polymorphism in the White-throated Sparrow: Habitat occupancy and nest-site selection. Can. J. Zool. 60:452-459. Krieg, D. C. 1971. The behavioral patterns of the Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis). New York State Museum and Science Service, Bulletin No. 415, 139pp. Lack, D. 1968. Ecological adaptations for breeding in birds. Chapman & Hall, London. Landres, P. B. & J. A. Macmahon. 1983. Community organization of arboreal birds in some oak woodlands of western North America. Ecol. Monogr. 53(2):183-208. La Touche, J. D. D. 1895. Notes on South Formosan birds. Ibis 1:305-338. Ligon, J. D. and S. H. Ligon 1982. The cooperative breeding behavior of the Green Woodhoopoe. Sci. Amer. 247(1):106-114. Lofts, B. 1962. Photoperiod and the refractory period of reproduction in an equatorial bird. Quelea quelea. The Ibis 104:407-414. MacAuthur, R. H. & E. O. Wilson. 1967. The theory of island biogeography. Monogr. Pop. Biol. No. 1, Princeton Univ. Press, New Jersey. 203pp. MacArthur, R. H. 1958. Population ecoloty of some warblers of North-eastern coniferous forests. Ecology 39:599-619. Marshall, A. J. 1959. Internal and environmental control of breeding. Ibis 101:456-478. McCrimmon, D. A, Jr. 1978. Nest site characteristics among five species of herons on the North Carolina coast. The Auk 95:267-280. Morris, D. 1956. The feather postures of birds and the problem of the origin of social signals. Behaviour 9:75-113. Morrison, D. F. 1976. Multivariate statistical methods. New York, Mcgraw-Hill, 2nd, 415pp. Morse, D. H. 1971. The insectivorous birds as an adaptive strategy. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 2:177-200. Moynihan, M. 1955. Remarks on the original sources of displays. Auk 72:240-246. Nice, M. M. 1943. Studies in the life history of the Song Sparrow: II. The behavior of the Song Sparrow and other passerines. Trans. Linn. Soc. N. Y. 6:1-328. Noon, B. R. 1981. Techniques for sampling avian habitats. In Capen, D. E. editor. The use of multivariate statistics in studies of wildlife habitat: Proceeding of a workshop. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report RM-87, 249pp. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiments Station, Fort Collins, Colo. Noon, B. R. 1981a. The distribution of an avian guild along a temperate elevational gradient: The importance and expression of competition. Ecol. Monogr. 51(1):105-124. Ogilvie-Grant, W. R. & J. D. de La Touche. 1907. On the birds of the island of Formosa. Ibis 9:189. Orians, G. H. 1969. On the evolution of mating systems in birds and mammals. Amer. Natur. 103:589-603. --------------- and G. M. Christman 1968. A comparative study of the behavior of Red-winged, Tricolored, and Yellow-headed Blackbirds. Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. Vol. 84, 85pp. Oring, L. W. 1982. Avian mating systems. In Avian Biology. Vol. Ⅵ, P.1-92. Ed by D. S. Farner & J. R. King. Academic Press, Inc. New York and Londen. Payne, R. B. 1969. Breeding seasons and reproductive physiology of Tricolor Blackbirds and Redwinged Blackbirds. Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. 90:1-137. Rice, J., R. D. Ohmart and B. W. Anderson 1983. Habitat selection attributes of and avian community: a discriminant analysis investigation. Ecological Monographs 53:263-290. Ricklefs, R. E. 1966. The temporal component of diversity among species of birds. Evolution 20:235-242. -------------- 1969. The nesting cycle of songbirds in tropical and temperate regions. Living Bird 8:165-175. Rowan, M. K. 1969. A study of the cape robin in Southern Africa. Living Bird 8:5-32. Rutgers, A. 1969. Birds of Asia. Taplinger Publishing Co., Inc. New York 321pp. Severinghaus, L. L. 1982. Nest site selection by the Common Tern, Sterna hirundo on Oneida lake, New York. Colonial Waterbirds 5:11-18. Severinghaus, S. R. 1978. Aerial feeding by Asian Bulbuls. Ibis 120:514-516. Severinghaus, S. R. & K. T. Blackshaw. 1976. A new guide to the birds of Taiwan. Mei Ya Publ., Inc. Taiwan. 222pp. Shields, W. M. 1984. Barn swallow mobbing: self-defence, collateral kin defence, group defence, or parental care Anim. Behav., 32:132--148. Smith, R. L. 1974. Ecology and field biology. 849pp. Harpen and Row, New York, N. Y. Scott, J. P. & E. Freedericson. 1951. The causes of fighting in rats and mice. Physiol. Zool. 24:273-309. Thorpe, W. H. 1958. The learning of song patterns by birds, with especial reference to the song of the Chaffinch, Fringilla coelebs. Ibis 100:535-570. Welty, J. C. 1962. The life of birds. W. B. Saunders, Co. Philadephia and London. 546pp. West, M. J., A. P. King and D. H. Eastzer 1981. Validating the female bioassay of cowbird song: Relating differences in song potency to mating success. Anim. Behav. 29:490-501. Whitmore, R. C. 1977. Habitat partitioning in a community of passerine birds. Wil. Bull. 89:253-356. Wiens, J. A. 1973. Pattern and process in grassland bird communities. Ecol. Monogr. 43:237-270. Yahner, R. H. 1982. Avian nest densities and nest-site selection in farmstead shelterbelts. Wilson Bull. 94:156-175. Yamashina, M. and Hajime T. 1944. Nidification of Formosan: Birds III. Vol. 11, 55:503-524. 王鑫 1980 地理、地形、地質景觀。墾丁國家公園之生態資源，7-90頁，內政部國家公園計晝委員會編印。 姚姿君 1984 白頭翁烏頭翁在形態上以判別分析法區分雌雄之探討。台灣大學，碩士論文，75頁。 翟鵬 1977 台灣鳥類生態隔離的研究。東海大學，碩士論文，56頁。 翟鵬及車永平 1977 台灣白頭翁的初步研究。東海生物4 ：14-18。 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/75511 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 自1982年9月至1983年8月，分別在墾丁、臺北市（植物園、青年公園和台大校園）進行烏頭翁及白頭翁的野外實地觀察共約860小時，並於1983年1月至同年12月從恆春及屏東購買烏頭翁及白頭翁的標本來測定外部形值和剖取生殖腺，以比較這兩種鳥類形態、生殖和生態的異同。 研究期間共購得222隻白頭翁，176隻烏頭翁及形態介於這兩種之間的可能雜交個體（命名雜頭翁）15隻。烏頭翁與白頭翁的成鳥及幼鳥的性比例雌雄皆相等。在體型上，雄鳥大於雌鳥，而烏頭翁又大於白頭翁，且種內性別差異大於種間差異。雜頭翁頭部羽色及體型兼具烏頭翁及白頭翁的特徵和特性，其分佈又位於這二種鳥的交會區，可能是雜交的結果。 烏頭翁與白頭翁的日間活動受到時間和季節的影響，晨昏一般較活躍，而生殖季時，烏頭翁日間仍保持相當高的活動性，此在白頭翁較不明顯。這兩種鳥類終年都有成雙出現的現象，而非生殖季時的成群現象較明顯。 烏頭翁與白頭翁的排擠、追逐、警戒、打架及頭向前行為是威脅的敵對行為，與建立及保?領域有關。而舉翅、鳴唱及空中展示有宣告領域的作用，且與追逐、頭向前及交配前展示行為同樣常表現在吸引異性或求偶中。 烏頭翁生殖季開始於3月下旬持續到7月上旬，以4月為生殖的??期。白頭翁生殖季開始較晚，以5月為生殖??期。雌雄鳥共同育幼及建立領域，雌鳥築巢及孵蛋，而雄鳥以保衛領域為主。這兩種鳥均是間隔約24小時生蛋，生完最後一個蛋隨即開始抱孵，歷時11?12天孵出，巢內雛鳥仍常需親鳥抱孵，約9?10天即可離巢。烏頭翁每窩蛋數平均為3.3個蛋，孵化率為60.4％，平均每窩雛鳥數為2.7隻，白頭翁每窩蛋數平均為2.9個蛋，孵化率為65.2％，每窩雛鳥數平均為2.6隻。一生殖季中這兩種鳥類皆有繁殖二窩的現象。 烏頭翁對築巢地點有相當的選擇性，在墾丁發現84個巢中75％分佈於瓊崖海棠上，而瓊崖海棠相對密度僅占當地樹種的33.5％。因素分析法顯示所測定的13個巢位特徵中並無特殊重要者，但可以用5個因素來解釋所有13個特徵的69.2％的變異量。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-01T08:13:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1984 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 謝 辭 中文摘要 緒 言………………………………………………………………………………………………1 實驗地描述……………………………………………………………………………………………3 材料與方法……………………………………………………………………………………………6 結 果 一、形態特徵………………………………………………………………………………………15 二、生長和換毛……………………………………………………………………………………17 三、活 動………………………………………………………………………………………18 四、行 為………………………………………………………………………………………22 五、生 殖 (一)性比例………………………………………………………………………………………33 (二)生殖腺………………………………………………………………………………………34 (三)繁殖調查……………………………………………………………………………………35 六、烏頭翁棲地調查 (一)實驗地植被…………………………………………………………………………………43 (二)巢位特徵……………………………………………………………………………………46 討 論 一、形 態………………………………………………………………………………………49 二、活 動………………………………………………………………………………………51 三、行 為………………………………………………………………………………………53 四、生 殖………………………………………………………………………………………59 五、棲息地…………………………………………………………………………………………64 六、腳環標識………………………………………………………………………………………66 圖………………………………………………………………………………………………………68 表………………………………………………………………………………………………………92 參考文獻………………………………………………………………………………………………108 附 錄 一、氣象圖…………………………………………………………………………………………112 二、白頭翁食物……………………………………………………………………………………113 三、植被調查及計算………………………………………………………………………………114 四、巢位特徵相關矩陣……………………………………………………………………………116 五、雜交個體之追蹤………………………………………………………………………………117 | |
| dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
| dc.title | 烏頭翁與白頭翁之生物學研究 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 72-2 | |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
| dc.relation.page | 117 | |
| dc.rights.note | 未授權 | |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 生命科學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 動物學研究所 | zh_TW |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 動物學研究所 | |
文件中的檔案：
沒有與此文件相關的檔案。
系統中的文件，除了特別指名其著作權條款之外，均受到著作權保護，並且保留所有的權利。