金門地區中國鱟 ( Tachypleus tridentatus ) 保育區經營管理之研究

Abstract

1992 年金門地區解除戰地政務後，為促進地方繁榮，而面臨各項工程開發、環境污染與資源耗竭的衝擊。1999 年12月金門縣政府劃設「金門古寧頭西北海域潮間帶鱟保育區」，但保育區劃設之後並未有效落實保育區的經營管理，導致北山保育區內的稚鱟棲地嚴重面臨破壞。因此，落實鱟保育區的經營管理，才能有效達到保育及復育鱟族群與棲地的目的。 本研究從「物種復育」、「棲地維護」、「民眾認知調查」及「推動鱟保育工作」等四方面著手。「物種復育」以稚鱟放流為方法之一，根據本研究結果，保育區內的潮間帶泥灘地皆適合放流，以二?四齡的稚鱟最適。野外成鱟引入產卵為另一可行的復育方法，其野外產卵的底質粒徑約為 0 . 44~1.80mm ，屬於中等粗砂?極粗砂。「棲地維護」方面，本研究分析了鱟保育區與設置北山海堤的衝突問題，主要原因來自各權益關係人之間的溝通不足，未來應建立事前的共商機制。從問卷調查的結果，可加強設立中國鱟網站、成立專業解說人員制度，並與金門國家公園研商，將保育區列入國家公園範圍內。「推動鱟保育工作」方面，在 2000~2002 年間，提出「移地保育」的概念，把後豐潮間帶的稚鱟移至保育區內。並進行以鱟為主軸的生態旅遊規劃；藉由拍攝電視節目、分送摺頁、發表論文與張貼壁報等方式，廣泛進行宣導教育。此外，於2002年2 月將中國鱟向農委會野生動物保育諮詢委員會提報為保育類野生動物。會議決議，以一年時間加強相關保育工作，第二年再評估是否應列入保育類野生動物名錄。 未來中國鱟的保育及復育工作應擴及至台灣西部和澎湖，復育地的選擇可根據在金門野外的研究資料。在金門地區的復育方法與推動策略，可提供給澎湖水族館、通霄西濱海洋生態教育園區等單位，使更多政府單位或民間企業參與中國鱟的保育及復育工作。現今，全世界的中國鱟數量正在大量減少，未來更應加強學術交流，使台灣、日本、廈門及香港共同推動中國鱟族群及棲地的保育與復育，進而達到全球生物多樣性保育的目標。

Since Kinmen was disengaged from the war zone in 1992, local economy has been elevated in a short period of time, and at the same time, the environment has been polluted and natural resources depleted. Habitats of horseshoe crabs have also been rapidly damaged, so the government of Kinmen county had set up‘ The Horseshoe Crab Conservation Area’ in the intertidal zone of Ku-ning-tou in 1999. However, there was no plan for the management of the conservation area at the time, and as a result, the habitat of the conservation area continued deteriorating. Therefore, implementing management of the conservation area, and carrying out conservation and restoration of the horseshoe crab population and their habitats are urgently needed. My study was designed to achieve this goal. It was divided into 4 parts:‘population restoration’,‘habitats conservation’,‘public awareness survey’, and‘carrying out horseshoe crab conservation’.‘Population restoration’included releasing juvenile horseshoe crabs into the conservation area and inducing spawning in the field. I found that the sizes of second-instar to fourth-instar juveniles were suitable for releasing. The spawning grain size ranged from 0.44 to 1.80 mm, which corresponded to medium to very coarse sand. In the‘habitats conservation’aspect, the problem of constructing the jetty in Pai-shan in the conservation area was because stakeholders did not communicate with each other before the construction.I recommend that a pre-communicating system should be established in the future. According to the result of the public awareness survey, I suggest setting up a horseshoe crab website, establishing a professional field guide system, and incorporating the conservation area into Kinmen National Park. In 2000~2002, in order to carry out horseshoe crab conservation, I applied the idea of ‘ex situ conservation’. Many juveniles collected from Hou-feng were released into the conservation area and survived. Other activities included promoting ecotourism, filming a horseshoe crab TV program, and publishing papers and posters about conservation of the horseshoe crab. In the future, the conservation and restoration of the horseshoe crab population will be extended into the west coast of Taiwan and islands of Peng-hu based on the efforts and experiences of the pioneer works in Kinmen.