赤腹松鼠之行為研究

Abstract

自民國六十八年七月起至民國六十九年十二月，在溪頭營林區鳳凰山天然林及緊鄰其下方之60-5柳杉人工林內，進行野外觀察，以研究赤腹松鼠(Callosciurus erythraeus)之行為活動，並期對防治松鼠危害有所裨益。 經由710小時之野外觀察，共計看到850隻次松鼠，其中大部份松鼠為單獨活動(88.6％)，有些則成對出現(10.3％)，三隻或以上同時出現之機會較少(1.1％)。松鼠在樹上活動之時間有兩段高?，分別在清晨(日出?上午8:00)及傍晚(下午4:00?日落)，而午間在草叢中出現機會較多。 自六十八年四月起在60-5林地內設有地瓜餌站90個，每站每日供應地瓜300公克，吸引大量松鼠至該地活動，平均每小時可見1.21隻次之松鼠，六十九年五月起地瓜餌量漸減，至同年七月起停止供應，此時松鼠出現頻率亦下降，平均每小時僅見0.26隻次。 野外觀察松鼠行為極為不易，850隻次松鼠中有498隻次僅匆匆經過，其餘352隻次松鼠所表現之行為，則可分為(1)攝食(2)修飾(3)遊戲(4)築巢(5)育幼(6)休息(7)對抗(8)跟隨(9)發聲等，本論文分別加以描述、分析及討論。

This study was conducted at the natural forest and neighboring 60-5 plantation forest (Cryptomeria japonica) at Chitou from July, 1979 to December, 1980 to study the behavior and activity of the red-bellied tree squirrel (Callosciurus erythraeus). Through 710 hours of field observation, a total of 850 times of squirrels were observed. They were solitary most of the time (88.6%), in pairs sometimes (10.3%), and occasionally in group of three or more (1.1%) The daily activity of the squirrels on trees showed a binomial pattern. They were more active at dawn (Sunrise-8:00 am) and dusk (4:00 pm - sunset), and less active at midday during which time they appeared in the underbrush. Ninety bait stations were set in 60-5 plantation forest since April, 1979. Three hundred grams of sweat potatos were distributed to each station daily, and this attracted many squirrels to that area. An average of 1.21 individual squirrels can be sighted per hour during that time period. Beginning in May, 1980, the amount of bait was gradually reduced and baiting was completly stopped in July, 1980. The number of squirrels sighted dropped to only 0.26 individual per hour in average. The field observation on the squirrel behavior was rather difficult. Out of the 850 times of squirrels sighted, 498 times of the squirrels were just passing by the viewer. The behavior of the remaining 352 times of individual squirrels can be divided into: (1) foraging behavior (2) grooming behavior (3) playing behavior (4) nesting behavior (5) parental care behavior (6) resting behavior (7) agonistic behavior (8) following behavior (9) vocalization. All these behaviors were described, analyzed and discussed.