春陽地區楠櫧林植群結構與森林演替趨勢之研究

Abstract

本研究之區域是位於南投縣仁愛鄉春陽村的台大山地農場第一分場，研究區域由海拔1100m至海拔1900m左右，研究區年均溫約18℃，年雨量在2660mm左右，多集中於夏季。 本研究共設置54個10m×10m樣區，調查樣區內木本植物之種類及胸高直徑，以及各樣區所測得的5項環境因數，利用所調查之資料進行降趨對應分析及矩陣群團分析，將本研究區之植物社會分類，共分為四個林型及兩個亞型：Ⅰ、紫珠葉泡花－紅花八角林型；Ⅱ、香桂林型；Ⅲ、霧社楨楠林型；Ⅲa、小花鼠刺亞型；Ⅲb、山肉桂－大葉柯亞型；Ⅳ、大頭茶林型。而影響研究區內植群之環境因數主要為海拔高度。 本研究區早期多受破壞幹擾，但自台大山地農場收回此區後，由於對本區內森林之保護，使得本研究區內之森林，目前之植物社會多已達演替中後期，而各植群型之組成，也大多能自我更新，雖仍有些演替初期殘存之老樹，但若沒有持續的人為幹擾，本研究區之各植群型，除大頭茶林型外，應都可穩定的維持下去。 本研究區鄰近山地在農業與觀光之壓力下，森林大多被開發破壞，相較之下本研究區保有了大片當地之自然資源，而不至於使原有之自然植群消失；希望對本區域的研究調查，能讓本區域之資源更為人所瞭解，而對往後之研究及教學能有所助益。

The area of this research is in the First Farm of the National Taiwan University High Land Farm, which is located in Chun-yang Village, Jen-ai Hsiang, Nan-tou County. The altitude of the research area range from 1100m to 1900m, and has an average annual temperature of 18 degrees centigrade and precipitation of 2660mm that concentrates in the summer. We have set up 54 plots within to investigate the types of woody species found, DBH, and the five environmental factors that are tested for each of the sample areas. We intend to use the data for DCA, and to categorize the plant communitiesin the entire research area into four vegetation types and two subtypes: Ⅰ. Meliosma callicarpaefolia-Illicium arborescens forest type; Ⅱ. Cinnamomum subavenium forest type; Ⅲ. Machilus zuihoensis forest type; Ⅲa, Itea parviflora forest type; Ⅲb, Cinnamomum insulari-montanum-Pasania kawakamii forest type and Ⅳ. Gordonia axillaris forest type. The major environmental factor in this research area is the elevation. The research area has been disturbed and damaged earlier, but since the National Taiwan University reclaimed this place, many efforts has been made in the protection of the forest. Hence most forests are in the mid-later stages of succession, and most compositions of all vegetation types have been able to go through self-regeneration. Although there are still old-trees left over from the earlier stages of succession, as long as no human disturbances persists, all vegetation types in this area except for the Gordonia axillaris forest type should be able to live on. Due to agricultural and touring pressures, forests in nearby areas have mostly been depleted. In comparison, large parts of the natural resources in our research area have been restored and original vegetation were not lost. We hope to establish basic vegetation data for this research area for the benefit of future studies.