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標題: | 高齡者扶養協議在民法上之定位 The Status of the Elderly Support Agreement in Civil Code |
作者: | Min-Yen Tsai 蔡旻諺 |
指導教授: | 黃詩淳(Sieh-Chuen Huang) |
關鍵字: | 高齡社會,扶養協議,身分法與契約法,扶養要件,扶養程度,扶養情事變更, aged society,agreement of the elderly support,family law and contract law,the requirements of the support,the degree of support,the Principle of Change of Circumstances of support, |
出版年 : | 2019 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 向來對於身分法與財產法之研究,在文獻上似乎多被認為屬於兩個不同的分野,在相關的討論上也呈現著不同的開展。對於此二者同樣規定於民法典中之法律規範,究竟是出於何種原因而使得此種區別途徑之產生,即為本文首欲探討之問題。
對於上開問題,本文主要藉由對於高齡父母與子女依民法第1119條所成立關於扶養方法與扶養費用之協議進行研究,從四個角度─契約成立之要件、法制度之差異、扶養協議本質之分析,以及其與契約在結構上之不同,探討扶養協議是否具備等同於契約之性質,並在結論上認為,包括扶養協議在內之身分法上的諸多協議,雖具有契約之外觀,但在本質上仍與契約不同。 此外,對於扶養協議與一般契約之異同,本文並另外就民法第1121條所規定扶養情事變更之適用,以實務裁判為對象進行研究,分析實務上之運用與一般契約法上之情事變更是否存有不同,且一併自理論上對於該等裁判分析是否妥適。而為了進行扶養情事變更之分析,即有對於扶養之本質內容進行探討之必要,此部分包括扶養之要件以及扶養之程度等問題。對於前者,本文認為可以「文化上最低生活水準」做為「扶養必要性與可能性」之基準,而判例所提出之「扶養能力」則以「最低生活水準」判斷;至於扶養程度,本文則透過裁判之分析,嘗試歸納出實務見解之裁量基礎。 最後,本文蒐集了實務關於扶養情事變更之裁判加以分析,依照當事人主張事由之不同,約略可分為「權利人有疾病」、「權利人主觀需求增加」、「權利人收入變化」、「權利人有資產」、「義務人之能力與其他變動」,以及「物價波動」等案例類型。除了極為明顯之情況外,法院通常不會容許變更之請求,主要原因應該在於,法院在扶養情事變更要件之認定上,幾乎與一般契約法上之情事變更原則沒有太多差異。然而,本文認為,扶養協議在本質上並不等同於契約,且「高齡者扶養」同時又帶有公益性質之考量(私扶養優先原則),因此比起一般契約,實更應該放寬扶養情事變更之適用,至少在「有無情事變更之發生」及「是否為當事人不可預料」此二要件可採寬鬆的解釋。再者,法院仍可透過「是否顯失公平」之要件作為截堵,在具體適用上,則可以透過對「扶養權利人之需要」與「扶養義務人之能力」進行衡量,而不必擔心結果失之過寬。 Family law and Property law has always been viewed and researched independently, thus each presents different developments and discussions. The reason why the two laws, which both stated in the Civil Code, have such a distinction, is the first question that this thesis aims to discuss. Regarding the above problem, this thesis mainly looks into the agreement on support methods and financial assistance made between parents and children pursuant to Article 1119 of the Civil Code, focusing on four perspectives - the basic requirements for contract formation, the difference between the legal systems, the nature of the agreement, and the difference in its structure between agreement and contract - aiming to explore whether a support agreement has the same nature as a contract. This thesis concludes that although many agreements in the family law, including the support agreement, have taken the form of a contract, they are still different from a contract in essence. In addition, regarding the similarities and the differences between a support agreement and a general contract, this thesis also researches on the principle of change of circumstances of support listed in Article 1121 of the Civil Code, especially its application on practical cases and judgments, mainly analyzing whether such principle applied in family law is different from the principle in contract law, and whether current judgments are theoretically appropriate. In order to analyze the principle of change of circumstances of the support, it is necessary to discuss the essential content of the support, including the requirements of the support and the degree of support. In conclusion, the 'cultural minimum level' can be used as a standard for 'supporting necessity and possibility', and the 'supporting ability' proposed by the jurisprudence is judged by the 'minimum standard of living'. For the degree of support, this thesis summarizes the basis for the discretion of current judgments through the analysis of practical cases. Finally, this thesis analyzes the application of the principle of change of circumstances of support on practical cases and judgments. According to the subject matter, it can be divided into case types such as 'the obligee has illness', 'the subjective demand of the obligee', 'the change of the obligee's income', 'the obligee has assets', 'the ability of the obligor and other changes', and 'price fluctuation'. Except for obvious circumstances, the courts usually do not allow the request for a change. The main reason should be that the court believes that there is not much difference between the principle of change of circumstances in family law and such principle in contract law. However, this thesis believes that the agreement of support is not the same as the general contract in essence, and 'the elderly support' also has the consideration of public welfare. (principle of the priority of private support) Therefore, compared to the general contract, it is more appropriate to apply the principle of change of circumstances of support. In addition, the court can still make use of the element of 'whether it is obviously unfair', and about the proper use, it can measure 'the needs of the obligee' and 'the ability of the obligor'. There is no need to worry about the consequences is too lenient. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/74351 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU201902644 |
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顯示於系所單位: | 法律學系 |
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