應用全尺度實驗屋探討建築玻璃隔熱膜節能與熱舒適性能之研究

Abstract

隔熱膜為一種安裝在玻璃窗上，透過反射和吸收太陽熱能，以達到隔熱效果的抵抗紅、紫外線材質。常被附貼在建築外牆窗戶的玻璃上，除了夏季透過外遮陽原理有效增加建築節能外，也是降低室內熱不舒適環境的選項。但對於亞熱帶地區臺灣來說，由於熱濕氣候條件的不同，隔熱膜如何應用於臺灣建築外牆開口玻璃是值得探討的問題。在建築玻璃開口朝向附貼隔熱膜建材該如何應用，應是主要的研究課題。本研究是以實驗屋的實際實測方式為基礎，並利用建築耗能模擬軟體EnergyPlus進行實驗屋室內環境數值模擬，並在實驗屋室內中，於不同季節進行實際熱環境測量，以與傳統之清玻璃及外遮陽進行比較。 研究結果顯示:1.將隔熱膜與清玻璃、外遮陽模組實測結果比對，發現利用隔熱膜確能有效降低室內的溫度。2.對於隔熱膜之隔熱性能來說，在冬季與夜間室外低溫所造成的影響則是不明顯，利用隔熱膜與室內牆面的穩熱板則保有些微的隔熱及保溫效果，於春(秋)季隔熱膜之隔熱性能略有提升的效果，而當隔熱膜在炎熱的夏季室外氣溫愈高時，則外牆玻璃貼有隔熱膜之隔熱性能效果越好。3.利用實驗模組實測與模擬實驗屋外牆體及其室外溫度環境與室內熱環境之間的相互影響，經過分析比較及透過清玻璃與隔熱膜的光學性能參數計算輻射熱、傳導熱得量，並且模擬計算實驗屋室內熱負荷與外牆熱傳結果，以具愈低之日射熱取得係數(SHGC)之隔熱膜，擁有較好之節能與熱舒適改善效果。

Heat-insulating film is a material applied to glass windows to achieve heat insulation and keep infrared and ultraviolet rays out by reflecting and absorbing solar energy. Frequently applied to glass windows of external building walls, in addition to effectively enhancing building energy conservation through the principle of external shading during the summer, heat-insulating film is also an alternative for reducing indoor thermal discomfort. However, due to the differed heat and humidity climatic conditions of Taiwan situated in the subtropics, how heat-insulating film can be applied on the glass of external walls of buildings in Taiwan remains an issue worth exploring. How to apply heat-insulating film material at the opening of building glass is the main research issue. This study adopted the actual measurements of the experimental house as the basis, while building energy consumption simulation software EnergyPlus was used to simulate indoor environmental values of the experimental house. Actual thermal environment measurements were taken inside the experimental house in different seasons, which were compared with traditional clear glass and external shading. Research results show that: 1. The actual measurement results of heat-insulating film, clear glass, and external shading were compared. It was found that the heat-insulating film indeed effectively reduced the indoor temperature. 2. As far as the heat insulation performance of heat-insulating film is concerned, the impact caused by low temperatures in the winter and outdoor at night was not obvious. The use of heat-insulating film and indoor wall PS panels possess certain heat and temperature insulation effects, while the heat-insulating film’s heat-insulating performance is slightly improved in spring and autumn. For heat-insulating film in the scorching summer, the higher the outdoor temperature, the better the heat-insulation performance of the external wall glass with heat-insulating film attached; 3. Through the actual experimental module measurements, simulated external walls of the experimental house, and the interrelationship between the outdoor temperature and indoor thermal environment, using comparative analysis, and the optical performance parameters of glass and heat-insulating film, the radiant heat and conductive heat were calculated, and the results of the indoor thermal load and external wall heat conduction of the experimental house were simulated and calculated. The heat-insulating film with a lower solar heat gain coefficient; SHGC produced better energy conservation and thermal comfort improvement results.