利用微結構的智慧玻璃控制光線分光與位置

Abstract

智慧玻璃廣泛地應用在我們的生活中，傳統上，使用TN液晶製成的智慧玻璃需要配備偏振片控制明暗態，這不僅增加了元件厚度，也降低了背光源的使用效率，同時提高了製作成本。此外製作的TN液晶皆為單輸入電壓控制驅動。 本論文利用高分子聚合物分散式液晶設計出像是百摺簾的智慧玻璃，高分子聚合物分散型液晶由液晶和高分子聚合物單體所組成。因其特殊的光電特性，可不需使用偏振片，但缺點是其操作電壓較一般液晶高，原因在於其液晶分子被高分子聚合物單體所包覆，形成一顆顆的液晶微滴，在此微滴中液晶分子與高分子聚合物單體的介面間有極性(表面錨定力)而造成液晶分子不易因電場的施予而轉動。 高分子聚合物分散型液晶可透過施加電壓改變簾子的縫隙與距離，因此可產生出不同強度的光線與光線位置。 本論文的目標即是利用微結構製作出具有百摺簾功效的智慧玻璃，在電極的部分會先鍍上銦錫氧化物並用弱王水進行蝕刻，接著微結構部分，用二氧化矽蝕刻液蝕刻玻璃來達成。 並且用紫外光雷射來檢視元件有無達成分光的目的，我們把亮紋圖型轉換成灰階圖，成功製作出亮紋強度圖，接著，設計一個多週期的結構來控制光線分光與位置，在供給兩邊電壓時有兩個輸入訊號，2乘2下有4種可能，符合干涉條紋的亮紋分佈並利用的干涉亮紋圖案加以驗證分光的亮紋移動是否符合。

Smart glass has been widely used in our daily lives. Smart glass is made by twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal used to control the light or dark state with the polarizer. It makes the device thicker, reduces the display's efficiency from the backlight, and increases production cost. In this thesis, We use smart glass with a window blind to solve these problems. The smart glass is fabricated by polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) and composed of liquid crystal and polymer monomers. The advantage of PDLCs is that it does not need polarizers because of its unique photoelectric characteristics.The polymer monomers cover the liquid crystal molecules to form individual liquid crystal droplets. The liquid crystal molecules and the polymer polymerize are not easy to rotate while the electric field is applied for the polarity (surface anchoring) between the interface of the monomers. By applying different voltages, the high molecular PDLCs can adjust the gap and distance of the slats. Therefore, the device can have different intensities of light and light position by tuning the applied voltage. By these methods , we can convert the bright pattern into a grayscale diagram and successfully produced a bright pattern intensity map. Moreover, we designed a multi-period curtain to make a periodic distance that can roll the slats. There are two input signals when applying a voltage on both sides, so we can have 4 possibilities from close to open.These microstructures provide possibilities for developing a thin, high efficient, and low-cost smart glass.