北宋文人宦遊揚州的文學書寫研究

Abstract

北宋揚州雖不比唐朝繁華，但靠著南北適中四通八達的交通位置與社會承平背景下的穩定發展，北宋揚州仍是東南都會有淮左名都的地位。本文以「北宋宦遊揚州的文人」為考察對象，首先透過文化視野下的關照，探討北宋文人在吟詠揚州時意象的繼承與創新。北宋文人繼承隋唐以來楊柳在集體記憶之下書寫共相的同時，也因勇於突破唐人樹立典範的文學自覺，新辟出瓊花芍藥為主的廣陵春，更有何遜在揚州的風流不讓杜牧專美於前。 其次，北宋宦遊揚州的文人之中不乏一些文學巨匠跟朝廷重臣，基於個人與群體兩個方面的關照。北宋文人宦揚的主要治理集中在對農業的關注上，其文學作品中也流露出敦農意識，這與北宋揚州屢屢遭受旱災水澇自然災害對當地農業造成毀滅性打擊的現實有關。針對個人情志的自我觀照下，北宋文人宦遊來，走入異地，開發出用因人及地的連接來消解陌生感。同時，一些懷著貶謫陰霾來到揚州，這種情緒直接影響到他在揚州的文學書寫上，常常出現老病思歸與猶戀君恩兩種矛盾情緒交雜的情志表現。 再者，北宋文人在遊觀揚州地景上，除遊覽揚州當地歷史遺跡外，開發出新興的人文地景平山堂與斗野亭。二者之所以能夠成為整個宋代揚州的地景代表，離不開北宋宦遊揚州文人自覺的文學題詠活動，豐富了地景本身的文人意涵外，常因題詠者中不乏名人學士而為後世人所紀念。 最後，作為宋代文學泰斗的歐陽脩與蘇軾先後宦遊揚州，即使二者在揚州任上的時間短暫，卻無法避免其文學大家的光芒。以歐陽脩為中心的文人集團，在歐陽脩任上所舉辦的中秋賞月宴會吸引梅堯臣等文人的雅集，歐梅即席唱和的文學互動為揚州當地的一次文學盛會。歐陽脩離揚後，身為好友的劉敞宦揚，其間歐陽脩、劉敞和梅堯臣針對揚州地景組詩的唱和不失為一次揚州文學的盛事。以蘇軾為中心的交往與文學互動，在他仕揚前曽多次參與揚州當地的文人聚會，像廣陵三同舍會與劉攽、孫洙跟劉摯等三人相聚飲酒之餘，賦詩酬贈的詩酒文會。仕揚後跟蘇門學士晁補之同地為官，自然更少不了互相以詩歌唱和為主的文學交流。藉由考察歐陽脩與蘇軾在宦游揚州時的交往與文學唱和，進而闡釋其帶給揚州當地的文學生機與文化衝擊。

Although the Northern Song Dynasty Yangzhou was not more prosperous than the Tang Dynasty, but relying on the convenient location of the north-south moderate transportation and the stable development of the society, the Northern Song Dynasty Yangzhou was still the southeastern city with the status of Huai Zuo Mingdu. This thesis takes 'the literati who visited Yangzhou in the Northern Song Dynasty ' as the object of study, firstly, through the investigation of poetry, discussion about the inheritance and innovation of imagery in the writing of Yangzhou by scholars in the Northern Song Dynasty. The writers of the Northern Song Dynasty inherited the common phase of Yang Liu's writing in collective memory since the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Because of the courage to break through the literary consciousness of the Tang Dynasty, Guanglingchun, with Qionghua and Shaoyao as its main ingredient, was newly created. And He Xun's style in Yangzhou was created, so that Du Mu was no longer as unique as before. Secondly, among the literati in the Northern Song Dynasty, there were some literary masters and ministers, based on personal and group care. The main governance of the literati in the Northern Song Dynasty focused on the concern for agriculture, and the literary works also revealed the peasant consciousness, which was related to the reality that the Northern Song Dynasty Yangzhou suffered from the devastating impact of drought, floods and natural disasters on local agriculture. In response to the personal feelings of self-care, the Northern Song literati traveled to the beginning of Yangzhou and walked into the same place. The Northern Song literati developed a connection between people and the land to eliminate the strangeness. At the same time, some people came to Yangzhou with their sorrows and sorrows. This kind of emotion directly affected his literary writing in Yangzhou, and often there was an emotional manifestation of the two contradictory emotions between the old and the sick. In addition, the Northern Song Dynasty scholars in the scenic view of Yangzhou, in addition to visiting the local historical sites in Yangzhou, the development of the new human landscape Pingshan Hall and Douye Ting. The reason why the two could become the representative of Yangzhou in the Song Dynasty was inseparable from the literary inscriptions of the literati in the Northern Song Dynasty. These literary creations not only enrich the humanistic connotation of the landscape itself, but also because the famous writers were commemorated by later generations, thus creating more poems and literary works. Finally, as the literary master of the Song Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi successively traveled to Yangzhou. Even if the two were in Yangzhou for a short time, they could not avoid the brilliance of their literature. The literati group centered on Ouyang Xiu, the Mid-Autumn Festival Moon Banquet held at Ouyang Xiu's appointment, attracted the literary works of Mei Yaochen and other literati. Ou Mei’s literary interaction was a local literary event in Yangzhou. After Ouyang Xiu left Yangzhou, Liu Chang, a good friend, came to Yangzhou as an official. During this period, Ouyang Xiu, Liu Chang and Mei Yaochen wrote poems related to Yangzhou landscapes, which was once again a great literary event in Yangzhou. With Su Shi as the center of communication and literary interaction, he participated in many local literati gatherings in Yangzhou before he became an official. For example, at the literary gathering of Guangling Festival, the participants were Su Shi,Liu Ban, Su Zhu, Liu Zheng and others, who gathered to drink and write poems. When Su Shi became an official in Yangzhou, he and his disciple Chaobu Zhi became an official in one place at the same time. Naturally, they would write poems together for literary exchange. By investigating Ouyang Xiu's and Su Shi's friendship and literary activities during their official travels to Yangzhou, this thesis reflects the cultural impact they brought to Yangzhou.