身影再現、田野行動、組織協力——台灣當代勞工書寫（2008—2018）

Abstract

解嚴過後，「勞工文學」被論者稱為勞工文學的「消退期」，因為作品數量不如以往蓬勃。但是，這其實涉及「勞工文學」定義的問題。尤其在2008年金融海嘯過後的勞工文本，不再那麼「文學」，而是以人類學、新聞學甚至是非虛構寫作的方式創作。這種「書寫」我們該如何看待？本文提出「勞工書寫」試圖涵蓋2008-2018年之間的勞工文本。尤其是這十年之間勞工文本大量出版，反映了時代什麼命題？又以何種形式回應呢？ 本文認為2008-2018年之間勞工書寫的增加，涉及勞工記憶被大歷史遺忘、工作環境惡化有關，尤其是2008年金融海嘯過後，台灣民眾的相對剝奪感（relative deprivation）變強。本文以「身影再現」、「田野行動」及「組織協力」作為視角，討論2008-2018年之間的「勞工書寫」如何回應當代的勞工議題。「身影再現」的部分，本文以《努力工作》、《織》和《驟雨之島》三個文本作為案例，指出文本中再現的勞工形象，是為了回應大歷史中被淹沒的小人物記憶。「田野行動」部分，以《我們》、《靜寂工人》和《做工的人》作為例子，指出三個文本透過不同的田野，呈現出「人」的工作經驗、情感文化及工作問題。最後「組織協力」部分以「移民工文學獎」、《血淚漁場》和《我現在沒有時間了》作為例子，指出作品背透過「組織」的方式，書寫勞工的工作權益及工時問題。 本文經由討論2008-2018年之間的「勞工書寫」，指出當代勞工在工作場域中面臨的各種問題，希望透過這個研究，讓勞工的生命經驗透過文字還原出來。「勞工書寫」相對傳統「勞工文學」，更能表現勞工議題在當代的重要性，並折射出勞工作為「人」的生存姿態。

Critics have called 'labor literature' after the lifting of martial law a 'waning period' of labor literature, as the number of works has not flourished as before. However, this touches upon the problem of defining 'labor literature'. Labor texts, especially after the 2008 financial crisis, are no longer very 'literary', and are instead works that use anthropological, journalistic, and even non-fiction ways of writing. How should we consider this kind of 'writing'? This thesis proposes that 'labor writing' tries to include labor texts from 2008 to 2018. The large number of labor texts published in the last ten years in particular, what kind of problems of their time do they reflect? And in what form do they respond? This thesis believes that the increase of labor writing between 2008 and 2018 has to do with laborers' memories being forgotten by History, as well as the deterioration of the work environment. Taiwanese people's feelings of relative deprivation have gotten stronger after the 2008 financial crisis in particular. This thesis uses the perspectives of 'silhouette representation', 'field activity', and 'organized cooperation' to discuss how 'labor writing' in the years between 2008 and 2018 responds to contemporary laborers' problems. The section on 'silhouette representation' uses the three texts Working Hard, Weaving, and Island of Showers as cases to point out that the figure of the laborer represented in the texts is a reaction to the disenfranchised people's memories being drowned out by History. The section on 'field activity' takes Us, Silent Workers, and Working People as examples to point out that the three texts, through different fields, show the work experience, sentimental culture, and work problems of 'people'. The last section on 'organized cooperation' uses the Taiwan Literature Award for Migrants, Blood and Tears of the Fishing Grounds, and I Don't Have Any Time Anymore Now as examples to show how these works, through 'organization', write about problems of work rights and work hours. By discussing 'labor writing' in the years between 2008 and 2018, this thesis hopes to discover the various problems faced by laborers today in the field of work, and hopes through this research to restore through words the laborer's life experience. Compared to traditional 'labor literature', 'labor writing' is more capable of demonstrating the importance of laborers' problems today, and to reveal a survival attitude of laborers as 'people'.