液化引起的建築物沉陷和傾斜之數值分析

Abstract

在幾次大地震的報告中，可以發現許多建築物沒有受到地震震動的破壞，但是房屋有傾斜，這主要是由土壤液化引起的。 在這些地震數據中可以找到幾個特徵。 首先，這些建築物是二到五層樓，受影響的建築物多為淺基礎建築。其次，它們都有差異沉陷。第三，相鄰建築物的間距似乎影響這些數據中建築物的沉陷和傾斜。這點就讓人相當好奇。 本研究試圖找出地震後土壤液化的區域，傾斜和沉陷是否與建築物之間的間距和可液化土層的情況有關，以及具有不同特徵的地震是否具有不同的表現。利用FLAC軟體對在三層土層上的相鄰建築物進行了一系列數值模擬。分析結果顯示建築物的間距對沉陷和傾角有很大的影響，當建築物間距越小時，房屋的沉陷量也越大，此時兩棟建築物可以視為一棟大房子；當建築物間距很大時，沉陷量則沒有明顯增加，可以視為建築物是分開的。

In the reports of several major earthquakes, it can be found that many buildings have not been damaged by the shaking of the earthquake, but the houses have inclinations, which are mostly caused by soil liquefaction. Several features can be found in these seismic data. First, these buildings are two to five stories, and the main affected buildings are shallow foundation buildings. Second, all of them have differential settlement. Third, spacing of adjacent buildings seems to affect the settlement and tilt of the building in these data. This study tries to find out the area where the soil is liquefied after the earthquake, whether the tilt and settlement are related to the spacing between the building and the case of the liquefiable soil layer, and if the seismic data with different characteristics will have different performance. A series of numerical simulations involving adjacent buildings in three soil layers were analyzed by FLAC software. The analysis results show that the spacing of the buildings has a great influence on the settlement and tilt. When the building spacing is small, the two buildings can be regarded as a big house. When the buildings are far apart, it can be considered that the building is separate.