以穿戴式裝置探討都市綠地對高壓工作者之生心理效益

Abstract

隨著都市發展造成人們生活壓力日益增加，許多研究顯示接觸自然環境能帶來減壓、放鬆等身心健康效益。在現代化都市中，人們接觸自然環境機會有限，尤其是長期待在高壓環境工作者，因此都市綠地於城市中扮演重要角色。本研究目的在探討長期待在高壓環境之工作者，是否能藉由接觸都市綠地獲得生心理健康效益，並進一步探討都市綠地中環境屬性對心率的影響關係。 過去研究多為觀看景觀影像作為刺激媒介，而現地實驗也因工具限制而多為某一地點測量受測者靜止狀態之生理數值，因此本研究嘗試讓受測者體驗現地環境，並探討步行過程之動態數據。本實驗分為都市綠地組(大安森林公園，實驗組)及都市街區組(台大醫院附近綠植程度低之街區，對照組)。實驗對象為台大醫院醫療工作者，有效樣本49人，其中都市綠地組26人，都市街區組23人。受測者需於一周內於指定環境步行三次，每次40分鐘；行走期間配戴穿戴式裝置心率感測器記錄心率(Heart Rate, HR)、心率變異量(Heart Rate Variability, HRV)，及受測者行走路徑(GPS座標)，並於每次步行後填寫狀態焦慮量表(STAI-S)。此外，調查大安森林公園內部道路一路段之七個環境屬性(喬木、灌木、草地、水體、軟鋪面、硬鋪面及公園內人工設施)程度高低或有無。 結果顯示，使用者體驗都市綠地之狀態焦慮感受比都市街區低，而生理HRV中LF數值都市綠地較低，表示交感神經活性較低，視為較放鬆狀態。在環境屬性方面，顯示喬木冠幅、草地及水體與心率有關係。更進一步探討發現喬木及灌木程度高的心率最高；沒有草地的環境造成心率較低；沒有看到水體的路段心率最高；硬舖面及人工設施物高反而心率最低。本研究除了分析使用者心理主觀感受，更是直接深入探討環境變化對人類之生理反應，期望本研究可供未來景觀規劃或設計之參考，如何能有效在都市環境中創造讓使用者放鬆減壓、降低焦慮之空間。

Many studies reveal that it will be physiologically and psychologically beneficial for human to relieve stress and relax by approaching natural environments under the condition of incremental pressures caused by urban life. In modern cities, it has limited chances for human to approach natural environment, especially for those who is working under high pressure, and hence urban green plays a critical role in urban life. The purpose of the research is to discuss whether the workers under high pressure in the long term can be benefited physiologically and psychologically from approaching urban green and further investigate the influence on heart rate caused by attributes of urban green environment. ( arbor, shrubs, grassland, water, soft paving, hard paving and artificial facilities in the park ) In the past, many of the researches were conducted with landscape photo viewing as stimulus medium and most of the field experiments which were constrained to tools examined only physical numbers of participants in steady status in a single place. Therefore, the research attempted to let participants experience on-site environment and analyzed the dynamic numbers during paces. The research were designed to separate into 2 groups: Urban Green group (Da-an park, experimental group) and Urban Street group (Neighborhood of NTU hospital with low degree of green, control group ). The experimental participants were medical personnel at NTU hospital, Effective sample numbers: 49, Urban Green Group:26, Urban Street Group:23. The participants needed to take walks three times within a week in the assigned environments for 40 minutes per walk, using wearable device with heart rate sensor to record Heart Rate (HR), Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and the pacing routes of participants (GPS coordinates), they were also required to fill out State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S) after every walk. Besides, the research also investigated the degree and existence of 7 environment attributes of the pavements for every 10 meters in Da-an park.

The results indicated that overall status for anxiety feelings of participants are lower in numbers of physical HRV are lower in urban green space compared to urban street group, which represented the less active of sympathetic nervous system, regarding as relatively relaxing status. In the perspective of environment attribute, the result indicated that there is a correlation between heart rate with arbor, shrubs, grassland and water separately. And in the further research our study found that the degree of correlation are the highest in the arbor with heart rate and shrubs with heart rate. The environment without grassland had lower degree of correlation with heart rate. The route without water had highest heart rate, the route with high degree of hard paving and artificial facilities in the park have higher heart rate conversely. The study discussed not only the subjective mental feeling of participants but also the influence of environmental change to humans’ physical reaction objectively. The research attempted to provide a reference for landscape planning or design in the future and how to effectively create the spaces to help users relax, relieve the pressures and decrease anxiety within urban environment.