國中生達到每週身體活動建議量之行為意圖及其相關因素

Abstract

背景：身體活動量不足已被世界衛生組織認定為影響全球死亡率之第四大危險因子，而臺灣青少年健康行為調查資料也顯示，國中生目前身體活動量不足之情況，且國中為培養健康生活型態之重要階段，然目前較少有利用行為改變理論探討國中生達到身體活動建議量之行為意圖的相關研究。目的：使用計劃行為理論 (Theory of Planned Behavior, TPB) 為基礎，探討國中生達到每週身體活動建議量 (簡稱PA150)之行為意圖及其相關因子。方法：以TPB為架構，發展量性問卷，並以臺灣國中生作為研究對象，使用自填式網路匿名問卷進行資料收集。結果：共納入3,382份有效問卷，發現34.6%國中生，具高意圖達到每週身體活動建議量。多變項羅吉斯回歸中也顯示TPB之三大構面，行為態度 (AOR=2.19)、主觀規範 (AOR=1.73)、自覺行為控制 (AOR=28.39) 皆呈顯著影響，並於五類因素中發現，正面、負面行為結果評價 (AOR=1.82、2.27)，態度相對正向，一般主觀規範方面，其支持程度越高 (AOR=2.46)、有利情境下和阻礙情境下之自覺行為控制 (AOR=2.22、1.60)，其相對高度自控者，達到每週身體活動建議量之意圖較高。結論：TPB之三大構念及五類因素皆為重要影響因素，在主觀規範中，發現性別具有調節作用，男生更容易受到重要它人影響，在自覺行為控制方面，具有較高之勝算比。因此，未來若欲提升國中生達到每週身體活動建議量之行為意圖，應增強男性同儕之影響力，並擬定提高國中生自覺行為控制之衛教宣導，最後本研究結果可作為未來相關單位進行身體活動之健康促進策略的實證參考依據。

Background: Physical inactivity is recognized for the fourth risk factor of death rate in the world by the World Health Organization, and researches on health behaviors of adolescents in Taiwan also indicated that the junior high school students had insufficient physical activity. Moreover, it is an important stage to foster healthy lifestyle during junior high schools. However, less related studies applied with theory of behavioral change to explore behavior intention to meet the recommended physical activity levels among junior high school students in Taiwan.Objectives: The purpose of this study is to apply the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to explore behavior intention to meet the recommended physical activity levels and its associated factors among junior high school students in Taiwan.Methods: TPB-based questionnaire development was conducted to collect primary quantitative data and the survey was performed using self-administered questionnaires via the Internet submitted by junior high school students in Taiwan. Results: In a total of 3,382 valid questionnaires, 34.6% of junior high school students had high intention to meet the recommended physical activity levels. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, there were three major constructs of TPB, ATB (AOR =2.19), SN (AOR=1.73) and PBC (AOR=28.39) were significant, and also in five types of factors of TPB, ATB about positive/negative outcomes (AOR=1.82/2.27), attitude were relatively positive, SN (AOR=2.46), supporting was at a high level and PBC under facilitating/constraining conditions (AOR=2.22/1.60), were highly self-controlled, above of all, intentions to meet the recommended physical activity levels were higher. Conclusions: Three major constructs of TPB and five types of factors of TPB are important impact factors. In SN find that gender is a moderating, males are more easily impacted by important others, and PBC is the highest odds ratio in TPB. Therefore, schools should promote peer influence among male students and develop advocacy policies for health education to enhance junior high school students’ PBC if they want to elevate junior high school students’ intentions to meet the recommended physical activity levels. This study can provide the necessary empirical evidence for reference to perform promotion strategy of physical activity for related government agencies of Taiwan.