居民對於與東南亞移工共用公園之遊憩衝突感知

Abstract

隨全球化的趨勢，現今社會跨文化和跨族群之間接觸和共用空間的機會越來越多，戶外遊憩領域也應認識不同族群之遊憩需求與行為，並探索其休閒互動關係。臺灣的東南亞移工人數現今已超過70萬，這些移工在休閒時大量聚集於交通樞紐和公園空間讓居民面臨與移工共用休閒空間的遊憩衝突；相關文獻可推論此衝突感知可能與居民之地方依附以及和外部族群的評價和連結有所關聯，然而鮮有研究以此角度探討以居民為主體討論與外籍移工之間的跨族群遊憩衝突。因此本研究之目的為了解居民對於與東南亞移工共用休閒空間的遊憩衝突情形，並探討影響其遊憩衝突感知的因素。 本研究分為兩個部份：研究一訪談公園使用者感受到移工聚集所造成的環境影響與變化，探索可能的衝突情形與調控影響程度的因子。研究二則進一步以地方依附與族群間凝聚力，探討居民對於與移工共用休閒空間的遊憩衝突感知。研究二的地點總共選取四個經常性大量聚集東南亞移工且周邊為住宅區的鄰里公園，問卷調查對象為各公園服務半徑內的居民，每個公園收50份問卷，總計200份有效問卷進行分析。遊憩衝突感知是針對研究一所歸納之八種遊憩衝突情境進行衝突頻率與嚴重性的評估，地方依附構面包含地方依賴與地方認同，族群凝聚力構面則涵蓋歡迎本質、情緒性親近和同理性。 研究結果顯示居民所感知到與移工的遊憩衝突以髒亂與嘈雜干擾為最多，不到一半的居民有感到不安全或活動受到干擾的情形，而衝突的性質皆屬人際間的衝突。以相關性與PLS-SEM結構方程模式分析，發現居民與東南亞移工共用休閒空間的遊憩衝突感知能被族群凝聚力減低，能印證訪談中與移工有所接觸交流者整體影響程度比較小﹔而地方情感有利於形成族群凝聚力，並強化遊憩衝突感知，可對應到訪談中表達自己非居民的經常性使用者認為受到的影響較小，且在意遊憩資源遭占據的使用者認為受影響較大。 本研究希冀此成果能提供後續研究和相關機構認識居民所感知到與移工共用空間的遊憩衝突情形和本質，且能盡量增加不同族群間的交流、重視長期住民與使用者的權益，進而創造對多元族群更加友善的休閒體驗。

As the ongoing trend of globalization, it is inevitable that the opportunities of inter-ethnic interaction and sharing space rise simultaneously. Thus, in the field of outdoor recreation, we should not only devote to understand the recreation demands and behavior across different ethnic groups, but also to explore their relationships of sharing leisure space in an attempt to create friendlier places accommodating the ethnically diverse society. In Taiwan, population of migrant workers from Southeast Asia has grown over 700,000 in the end of 2018. Parks are important outdoor recreation space shared by migrant workers and the local residents, which is also where the residents perceive recreation conflicts from them. Literatures have suggested that this type of recreation conflict might relates to individuals’ attachment to place and the emotional solidarity with outer-groups. However, the relations between these concepts still stays unclear and untested. Reasons above obliged our aims to explore what conflict the residents have confronted and how place attachment and emotional solidarity affect their perception of recreation conflict when sharing parks with migrant workers. In order to discern what impacts and environment changes residents have perceived from the gathering of migrant workers, the first study gleaned the possible recreation conflict situations and latent factors regulating the perception from interviewing local park users. Based on the former information could we further confirmed and discuss residents’ recreation conflict perception with place attachment and emotional solidarity in the second study. Four neighborhood parks frequented by migrant workers were selected as research sites, where we distributed 50 on-site questionnaires to local residents in each. Total 200 valid cases were then analyzed. The conflict perceptions were evaluated with the frequency and seriousness responding to the conflict situations collected from the first study; emotional solidarity encompassed constructs of welcoming nature, emotional closeness and sympathetic understanding; while place attachment was measured with the scale of place identity and place dependent. Results indicated that main conflicts residents have perceived were the mess and noise problem that migrant workers brought to the park, and the most conflict situations were interpersonal conflict rather than social value conflict. With correlation and PLS-SEM analyses, we found that residents’ perception of recreation conflict of sharing parks with migrant workers could be reduced by building emotional solidarity with migrant workers. In addition, the role of place attachment serves to develop residents’ emotional solidarity toward migrant workers, while increase the perceived recreation conflict at the same time. Providing the view of local residents, we expect that the results could enrich the understanding of leisure space sharing across various ethnic groups, and further facilitate ethnic leisure field and park managers to build better inter-ethnic relationships in outdoor recreation areas.