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標題: | 建立都市農業決策評估架構 Study on the Framework of Decisions Analysis for Urban Agriculture |
作者: | Yin-Chi Lin 林頴奇 |
指導教授: | 闕蓓德(Pei-Te Chiueh) |
關鍵字: | 都市規劃,都市農業,空間分析,生命週期評估,熱島效應, Integrated urban planning,Urban agriculture,Geospatial analysis,Life cycle assessment,Urban heat island effects, |
出版年 : | 2020 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 隨著世界人口的增加,糧食安全成為了全球需要面對的重要議題,而都市化的迅速發展造成都市範圍不斷擴張,各項資源與土地利用競爭激烈,在農業用地被取代的同時,生產與消費的距離越來越遙遠,造成大量的環境與經濟成本。利用都市內閒置空間種植糧食,儘管無法提供居民所需的數量或種類,卻能滿足土地以及距離的需求,進而使都市成為了農業種植的新選項。於都市中閒置空間種植可食的作物,不僅可以成為糧食的來源之一、增加都市的綠色空間,亦可與教育、醫療等結合,提供社會層面的服務。都市潛在可用空間的篩選以及都市農業型態為都市農業評估的兩個研究核心,然而目前發展的方法在評估都市農業的影響或效益時,僅單獨針對其中一個面向進行探討,且文獻多以單一型態的都市農業為假設,缺乏都市農業設置上多元性的探討,因此無法完整呈現都市農業的可能情境。 本研究以Shoener et al. (2016) 建立的元件設計決策圖作為核心架構建立都市農業設計流程,依照設計流程擬定數種配置方案,並根據文獻以及當地現況,歸納都市農業的空間設置準則;接著透過地理資訊系統進行空間分析,使用土地利用分類系統作為輔助,依照空間設置準則篩選出都市農業的潛在可設置面積;最後藉由產量、生命週期評估及熱島效應減量指標,量化不同配置組合設立所造成的成本、效益以及環境影響。本研究以臺北市為研究地區,系統性評估都市農業設置方案,提供有效評估建立都市農業的決策依據。 都市農業空間潛力分析的估算結果顯示,臺北市潛在可用空間約有 48 平方公里,占臺北市總面積約 18 %,若涵蓋設置植生牆的垂直面面積,臺北市約有 22 % 的潛在空間可以作為綠化或農業用地使用。生命週期評估結果顯示,16 種都市農業設置方案中,建設最完善且大量種植糧食作物的S15總環境衝擊以 102 MPt明顯大於所有方案,而總環境衝擊最小為全部面積種植綠化植物,且不設置額外的農業設施的S2 (46.2 MPt);產量推估結果顯示,S1、S3、S9、S11四個無建置溫室的方案,每年可以產出約 20 千噸番茄、5.8 千噸玉米,以及 15 千噸萵苣,而將合適之區位設置溫室的S5、S7、S13、S15,每年產量則分別增長為番茄 21 千噸、玉米 6.2 千噸、萵苣 16 千噸;都市熱島效應減量指標結果顯示,S10及S12 具有最佳的都市熱島效應減緩效益,而S1、S3、S5、S7由於將綠地全部興建成種植可食作物之都市農園,使一部分的地面轉為不透水面,造成都市熱島效應不減反增。若有植生牆作為綠化補償,指標結果顯示均能彌補綠地減少造成的影響,使方案具減緩都市熱島效應之效益。藉由本研究建立的都市農業評估,得以顯現都市農業的潛在可用空間分布,並比較不同配置組合設置的環境成本效益,以供決策者選擇設置方案之參考。 Food security has become one of the concerned issues around the world in the face of growing global populations. The rapid development of urbanization has resulted in urban sprawl areas and intensified competition for resources and land area. While agricultural land is being replaced, the distance between producers and consumers is becoming further, which increases environmental and economic costs. Although the primary purpose of urban agriculture is not being able to provide enough quantity or variety of food for residents, it plays a role in increasing urban food self-sufficiency. Growing edible plants in the unused urbanidle space can not only become one of the food sources, but also improve the green space and provide social services related to education or medical care. The urban agriculture assessment includes two main topics: selecting potential available urban space for agriculture and designing urban agriculture (namely, how and what to plant). However, most of the researches addressed one of the topics or focused on only one kind of urban agricultural design. Therefore, in this study, we proposed an urban agricultural design and assessment framework based on quantitative sustainable design (QSD) methodology. Also, the geospatial analysis, life cycle assessment (LCA), yield estimation, and the evaluation of urban heat island effects were suggested to quantify the performance of urban agriculture designs. Taipei City was chosen as a case study area to demonstrate the feasibility of this framework with 16 alternatives. The results showed that alternatives without greenhouse can produce about 20 kilotons of tomatoes, 5.8 kilotons of corn, and 15 kilotons of lettuce each year, and the production increased to 21, 6.1, 16 kilotons respectively in the alternatives with greenhouse. However, with the greenhouse, construction and operation of facilities consume resources and electricity which increases environmental impact. The result of the urban heat island effect showed that green space replaced with edible crops lower assessment outcomes. Besides, vertical greenery systems can mitigate the urban heat island effectively. In this study, an integrated urban agriculture assessment framework was designed to support decision making related to urban planning and resource management. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/73138 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202004453 |
全文授權: | 有償授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 環境工程學研究所 |
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