社會資本與自評健康之相關性研究

Abstract

目的：越來越多的實證研究，支持社會資本是解除貧窮及人類與經濟永續發展的關鍵，亦是影響健康的重要因子，但大多數研究皆以西方國家為對象。本研究旨在探討台灣民眾社會資本與自評健康的關係。 方法：本研究採個人層級次級資料分析，資料來源為「世界價值觀調查－台灣」，於2006年及2012年分別完成1225 (回覆率42.6%) 及1235 (回覆率23.5%) 有效樣本。社會資本為本研究自變項，包含泛化信任、殊化信任及社團參與三面向；自評健康為依變項。本研究使用羅吉斯複迴歸模型，分析社會資本與自評健康的關係。 結果：2006年與2012年之間，泛化信任的平均值由3.59 (±1.55) 上升至3.96 (±1.62)，殊化信任的平均值則由6.89 (±1.11) 下降至6.82 (±1.28)，而社團參與的平均值由1.45 (±2.10) 上升至4.20 (±4.01)。其中，泛化信任與社團參與兩者平均值增加皆達統計上顯著差異 (p<0.001) 。羅吉斯複迴歸分析結果顯示：控制人口學變項後， (1) 泛化信任和自評健康之間的關係，由2006年的顯著正相關 (OR=1.135, p<0.05) 轉為 2012年的顯著負相關 (OR=0.852, p<0.05) ； (2) 殊化信任和自評健康的關係，在兩研究年皆達顯著正相關 (2006年OR=1.213, p<0.05；2012年OR=1.313, p<0.01) ；以及 (3) 社團參與和自評健康的關係，在兩研究年亦皆為正相關，但僅有2006年達統計上之顯著水準 (2006年OR=1.113, p<0.05；2012年1.022, p>0.05) 。 結論：殊化信任越高，自評健康越高；但是泛化信任及社團參與與自評健康的關係則因年份不同而有不同，建議未來宜進一步探討。

Objectives: There is increasing research and recognition that social capital is an important health determinant; however, most evidence came from western countries. This research aims to examine the association between social capital and self-rated health (SRH) of Taiwan. Methods: Data from the “World Value Survey – Taiwan” was used to conduct individual-level secondary analysis. The final sample of 2006 and 2012 for analysis were 1225 (response rate 42.6%) and 1235 (response rate 23.5%), respectively. The independent variable, social capital, was measured by three measures: particularized trust, generalized trust, and social participation. The outcome variable was SRH. Logistic regression was performed to examine the relationship between social capital and SRH. Results: Between 2006 and 2012, the means of generalized trust increased from 2.59 (±1.55) to 3.96 (±1.62), particularized trust decreased from 6.89 (±1.11) to 6.82 (±1.28), and social participation increased from 1.45 (±2.10) to (±4.01). The increase of generalized trust and social participation reached a significant difference. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, increased particularized trust (in 2006, OR=1.213, p<0.05; in 2012, OR=1.313, p<0.01) and social participation (in 2006, OR=1.113, p<0.05; in 2012, OR=1.022, p>0.05) were associated with good SRH. However, the association between generalized trust and social capital changed from positive in 2006 (OR=1.135, p<0.05) to negative in 2012 (OR=0.852, p<0.05). Conclusion: Individuals with higher particularized trust and social participation were associated with better SRH. However, the relationship between generalized trust and SRH, which varied by year, needs further research.