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標題: | 宜蘭三星蔥黑腐病之流行病學與病害防治管理 Epidemiology and management of Stemphylium leaf blight on Welsh onion in Sanxing, Taiwan |
作者: | Chun-Hsiang Wang 王俊翔 |
指導教授: | 歐海仁(Hiran A. Ariyawansa) |
關鍵字: | 病害防治,藥劑防治測試,葉保濕時間,親緣關係演化, Disease management,Fungicide evaluation,Leaf wetness,Phylogeny, |
出版年 : | 2020 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 青蔥(Allium fistulosum L.)為台灣主要栽種園藝作物,其為台灣飲食文化中不可或缺的佳餚佐料。2018年底至2020年初,Stemphylium屬引起之葉枯病徵於台灣宜蘭地區大規模的發生,尤其於三星鄉地區的多數蔥田上皆可發現此之病徵,且化學藥劑無法有效控制。然而,台灣尚未有人針對此病害進行深入調查研究,目前文獻對於此病害流行病學與防治方法了解有限。因此,本研究著手進行此病原菌調查與鑑定之工作,並同時深入了解病害發生條件與進行化學防治藥劑篩選,以精準使用農藥、預防未來抗藥性問題產生及提供更多化學藥劑輪替選擇為首要之務。病原菌鑑定利用分子生物技術以ITS、 gadph、cmdA等3種不同片段基因序列,並結合形態特徵,與模式菌株進行鑑定比對並鑑別至種級別。經鑑定結果發現,S. vesicarium為三星鄉主要Stemphylium屬葉部病害之病原菌。而後,依柯霍氏法則將已鑑定之S. vesicarium菌株回接於寄主,在青蔥葉部也能產生相同病徵。S. vesicarium在25 °C和5 °C溫度條件下,菌絲生長速率和孢子發芽率分別達到最高和最低。此外我們同時於接種實驗中也發現此病害主要病徵集中分布於老葉,年輕葉幾乎無病徵產生。此病原菌接種於葉部,環境維持20 °C高濕24-48小時條件下,青蔥葉部罹病率可達到58%以上。本實驗選用了17種市售推薦於青蔥病害防治及欲測試之未推薦藥劑,針對三星鄉採集之S. vesicarium菌株進行菌絲生長抑制與孢子發芽抑制率測試。結果發現,氟克殺(Fluxapyroxad)和白列克敏(Boscalid + pyraclostrobin )其對於S. vesicarium菌絲和孢子發芽抑制效果最佳。而過去曾推薦或延伸於青蔥防治真菌性病害使用之亞托敏(Azoxystrobin)、待克利(Difenoconazole)、亞托待克利(Azoxystrobin+difenoconazole)和保粒黴素甲(Polyoxins)等藥劑其對於菌絲和孢子發芽抑制效果皆不佳。 Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) is one of the main and oldest vegetable crops grown in Taiwan. A severe epidemic of leaf blight of Welsh onion caused by Stemphylium-like pathogen was found in Sanxing, Taiwan, during 2018 to 2020. However, correct species identification, epidemiology and controlling of Stemphylium leaf blight (SLB) of Welsh onion is not well established; therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate the causal agent of SLB in Sanxing, Taiwan and its epidemiology. Furthermore, study also tried to recognize the efficacy of several fungicides representing diverse chemical groups to reduce SLB in vitro condition. Phylogeny based on combined genes analysis of internal transcribed spacers (ITS), glyceraldedyhe-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) and calmodulin (cmdA) together with morphological features, identified S. vesicarium as the species associated with SLB in Sanxing, Taiwan. When inoculated onto Welsh onion leaves, the isolates caused symptoms that were identical to those seen in the field; the same fungus was isolated from test plants, thus concluding Koch's postulates. Furthermore, we observed that, there was a higher incidence of SLB symptom on oldest leaves compared with younger leaves. The maximum and minimum in vitro mycelium growth and spore germination (%) of S. vesicarium was observed at 25°C and 5°C respectively. SLB incidence reached more than 58% at 20 °C with leaf wetness periods of 24-48h under controlled conditions. The effectiveness of 17 fungicides to reduce Stemphylium mycelial growth and spore germination in vitro were tested. In conclusion, fluxapyroxad was highly effective at reducing mycelial growth and spore germination in S. vesicarium. However, we found that fungicides commonly used in Welsh onion fields in Sanxing, Taiwan such as azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, azoxystrobin+difenoconazole and polyoxins were insensitive to both mycelial growth and spore germination of S. vesicarium. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/72805 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202100017 |
全文授權: | 有償授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 植物病理與微生物學系 |
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