建構都市社區氣候調適能力之研究

Abstract

國際上逐漸強調因應氣候議題之過程須納入不同利害關係人共同形成夥伴治理。台灣在氣候變遷下面臨著更嚴峻的考驗，尤其超過七成人口居住於都會區，顯然都市之氣候治理將成為重要議題，然而都市並非均質狀態，因此應該於治理過程中從更小的社區尺度思考如何發展因地制宜之調適策略。國際上已經提出「社區氣候調適」（Community-Based Adaptation to Climate Change，簡稱CBA）之思維，強調從社區的角度思考面對氣候議題時的因應方式，但是目前台灣較缺乏此部分之作為。因此本研究之目的有二: 1.分析與掌握國內都市社區的運作模式，並以社區調適之觀點探討「氣候調適六步驟」的操作程序，針對部分的次步驟與工作項目提出建議，以協助建立都市社區適用之氣候調適步驟; 2.採用新的地理資訊技術—「故事地圖」(Story Map)，從社區氣候調適之觀點探討如何建立氣候議題轉譯的平台，以降低科學資訊與社區認知之阻礙，進一步強化社區氣候調適的能力。台灣雖無完整之社區氣候調適案例，但是卻有類似概念的「防災社區」，而且已經累積豐厚經驗，因此方法上以台北市文山區內的社區大學與防災社區為研究對象，深度訪談六位關鍵人物; 同時根據IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)對於風險的定義選出一個社區做為故事地圖之實作案例。本研究發現，若從社會網絡之觀點分析防災社區的運作模式，社區領導者與社區大學會是兩位最重要的協調者，資訊、技術與資金是最需要的資本; 另外，目前的氣候調適六步驟對社區而言有三大問題，分別是: (一)在社區尺度部分工作項目過於粗略，須要進一步界定; (二)利害關係人之區分不夠明確; (三)步驟二與步驟三的工作內容過於專業，因此本研究提出建議與修改; 最後，本研究發現目前社區於氣候風險溝通上面臨三個問題: (一)社區居民對居住環境的災害識覺薄弱; (二)居民易遺忘社區過去的受災經驗; (三)缺乏有效的溝通平台(工具)，因此本研究以故事地圖為工具嘗試提出改善之道。

Globally, it is gradually emphasized that the process of responding to climate change needs to corporate with different stakeholders. Taiwan is facing a severe pressure under climate change and especially there are more than 70% of the population live in a metropolitan area. Obviously, the climate governance of a city is going to be an important issue. Cities, however, are not homogeneous, so the climate governance should be started from communities’ scale. In the other words, the processes of climate governance need to consider how to develop a strategy adapting to local conditions. The idea of “Community-Based Adaptation to climate change” (CBA) has been put forward about two decades, whereas Taiwan is still lacks of this part. Consequently, the purpose of this study are: (1)checking the details of “Taiwan integrated research programme on Climate Change Adaptation Technology”(TaiCCAT), and providing suggestions for adapting to a urban community from the perspective of CBA after analyzing the structure of urban communities in Taiwan、(2)adopting “Story Map” as a new tool and trying to establish a platform to translate the scientific information from the perspective of CBA. Although there is few case of CBA in Taiwan, it exists many cases of community-based disaster risk management (CBDRM) which are similar to CBA and accumulates lots of experience. Therefore, the method of this study is to conduct in-depth interviews with six key figures who are familiar with CBDRM in Wenshan District, Taipei City. At the same time, this study selects a community, according to the risk definition of IPCC, as a case study of practicing story map. As a result, this study finds that community leaders and community colleges are the two most important coordinators, and information, technology and funds are the three most important capitals from a social network perspective. In addition, current TaiCCAT have three major problems for urban communities: (1) Some work items are too rough; (2) The distinction between stakeholders is not clear enough; (3) The content of steps 2 and steps 3 is too difficult, therefore, this study provides some suggestions and revises parts of it to suit urban communities. Finally, this study attempts to use Story Maps to improve the three problems founded in communities’ communication of climate risk: (1) The residents are less aware of the disasters in their living environment; (2) The residents are prone to forgotten the past disaster experiences; (3)There is a lack of effective communication platforms (tools).