公民記者的新聞意理：局內人的參與式觀察與雙重處境

Abstract

本文從人類學視角出發，將局內人公民記者視為是參與式觀察中的本土人類學家。透過深度訪談法，探究局內人如何當公民記者、如何形成自己的新聞意理，提供了一個以公民記者自我詮釋為主體的新聞意理研究。研究結果發現，社群認同的深淺是影響公民記者新聞意理、記者自我角色認知的關鍵因素，本文一共歸納出兩種意理類型，分別為：參與者意理與觀察者意理，在社群成員關係、採訪語言、參與頻率、報導立場、報導中的現身程度、報導責任等面向展現差異；點出除了賦權、培力之外，記者與消息來源之間關係的親疏遠近，也會影響公民記者們的報導理念、策略與實作。

Based on anthropological perspective, this study considers citizen journalists as participatory observers who have long participated in a certain community, namely, the native anthropologists in the field. Through in-depth interviews, this study offers research concerning citizen journalists' own reflection and explores how they become a citizen journalist and form their journalist ideology. The result indicates that the degree of community identification is the key factor of citizen journalists’ journalistic ideology and professional roles as citizen journalists. This study categorizes two types of ideology: participant’s ideology and observer’s ideology. Their differences are shown in interpersonal relations within the community, language, frequency of ordinary participation, narrative, standing point, and responsibility of their reports. In addition to empowerment, the intimacy of interpersonal relations between journalists and news sources also affects citizen journalists’ news philosophy, strategies, and practices.