我國公民參與實踐現況初探─以台北市政府為例

Abstract

以往，由公部門掌握管理國家的權力，採行「由上而下」的管理方式，在當前提倡新公共管理觀點與運動下，已產生根本性的變化，基於政府公共政策最終的服務對象是公民，惟有施政內涵貼近民眾需求，提升人民信賴，是實踐民主精神的第一步，台灣自從解嚴後，在立法及行政部門已逐漸將公民參與理念及機制納入政府治理中，然公民參與之機制有那些？有何優缺點？我國現行哪些公共政策議題已納入公民參與機制，其呈現成果為何？一直是學界與實務界關注的焦點。 本文為了解公民參與的理念與內涵，以台北市政府為實例，探究我國公民參與機制的運用現況，是否與時近提出的理論相近，而面對公民參與之缺點與困境，台北市政府於規劃與執行時，如何因應與攺善。 本文運用文獻分析法，也稱為次級資料分析法，蒐集國內外文獻及台北市政府官方網站資料，整理分析公民參與理念、重要理論、國內研究發現、我國制度發展現況及台北市運作情形，以充實研究內涵。 經分析文獻資料結果發現，台北市政府在公民參與機制的運用實踐上，參與式預算機制已達到公民參與光譜的夥伴關係與合作層次；而公聽會、聽證會、公民咖啡館、工作坊、座談會、論壇等機制仍停留在安撫與諮商之形式參與上，基於設置良善的參與機制推動公民參與的基石，在公民參與公共政策過程中，已使政府機關往日行政作為產生改變；未來加強公民與行政人員專業素養將是達成優質公民參與的重要推手。

In the past the public sector in control of management power of the country tends to adopt Top Down managing method. Yet there have been fundamental changes in light of current promotion of neo public management perspectives and movement. Civilians are the ultimate targets of public policy services. Only when the policy in work meets the public’s needs and raises the public’s confidence, the practice of democracy spirits will be realized with its first step out. After Taiwan lifted Martial Law, the legislature and executive branch have gradually adopted the idea and mechanism of civic participation into governance. What are the types of civic participation? What are the advantages and disadvantages? What are the public policy issues which have been adopted into civic participation mechanism and the results thereof presented? These have been the focus of concerns amongst the academia and practice field. For the purpose of understanding the idea and content of civic participation, of which this thesis based on the case of Taipei City Government explores the mechanism in current practice in this country as well as examines whether it matches modern theories. While encountering disadvantages and dilemma of civic participation, how the Taipei City Government responds and improves in its planning and implementing is also explored. This thesis applies document analysis, a.k.a. secondary analysis, to collect domestic and foreign documents as well as official web site materials of Taipei City Government. Also to sort out and analyze ideas of civic participation, important theories, findings of domestic research, current system development in this country and the practice in Taipei City so as to enhance the research content. The results of analyzing documents find that, in current practice and operation of Taipei City Government civic participation mechanism, the participatory budget mechanism has reached the level of partnership and cooperation on the civic participation spectrum. Other mechanism such as public hearing, testimony, civic cafeteria, workshop, panel discussion and forum still remain in nominal participatory forms of pacification or consultation. Since the well-designed participation mechanism is the ground stone of promoting civic participation, it has altered the past bureaucracy of government agencies in the process of public civic participation. In the future the enhancement of civilians and public servants’ professional quality will be the major implementing factor of high quality civic participation.