社會支配傾向，居住流動性對社會運動態度之影響：以年輕世代對318太陽花運動的態度為例

Abstract

Shigehiro Oishi（2007）在社會生態學模型（Socioecological Model）的概念下，以社群內部的居住流動性（Residential Mobility）解釋環境因子如何影響個體的行為：相較於高人口遷徙的社群，在低人口遷徙社群內的居民，採取較多保護社群的行為。本研究嘗試將巨觀的社會結構方面的居住流動性，推演至微觀的個人居住流動性，探討個體的搬家經驗以及對社會階級的信念——社會支配傾向（Social Dominance Orientation），如何影響個體對政策議題與社會運動的態度。本研究針對2014年台灣真實的政府經濟政策「海峽兩岸服務貿易協議（簡稱服貿）」以及質疑該協議審查程序正當性的社會運動「318太陽花運動」進行問卷研究。研究一（N = 109）驗證社會支配傾向能正向預測服貿支持程度，負向預測太陽花運動支持程度，且居住流動性調節社會支配傾向與支持太陽花運動之間的關係，低居住流動性強化社會支配傾向對太陽花運動支持程度的預測效果，而高居住流動性則會削弱該效果。結果顯示不常搬家的社會運動支持者，更傾向採取對內團體有利的態度，而經常搬家的人則採取較溫和中性的態度。半年後的研究二（N = 217）則再驗此結果，顯示研究結果具跨時間的穩定性。本研究嘗試從個別差異的角度，探討居住流動性的影響力，並以真實社會事件為例做為研究主題，清楚地展現了心理學在社會議題上的詮釋性與實務上的應用性。

Shigehiro Oishi (2007) explained how environmental factors influence individual behavior under the concept of the Socioecological Model: compared with communities with high population migration, residents in low-migration communities have taken more measures to protect the community. This study attempts to focus on micro residential mobility instead of macro residential mobility, explores the individual's moving experience and the belief in social class—Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), how to influence the individual attitudes of policy issues and social movements. This study conducted a questionnaire survey on real issues in 2014. One is 'The Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement (referred to as CSSTA)', which is a government-led economic policy. Another is the social movement '318 Sunflower Movement', which questioned the legitimacy of the review process about CSSTA. Study 1 (N = 109) verifies that SDO positively predicts the degree of support for CSSTA, negatively predicts the degree of support for the Sunflower Movement. Residential mobility moderates the relationship between SDO and support for the Sunflower Movement. Low residential mobility enhanced the relationship between SDO and the degree of support for the Sunflower Flower Movement, while high residential mobility reduces this effect. The results show that social movement supporters who do not move often tend to adopt a consistent attitude with the inner group, while those who move frequently adopt a milder and neutral attitude. Study 2 (N = 217) retested the results six months later of study 1, showing that the results were stable over time. This study attempts to explain the influence of residential mobility from the perspective of individual differences, and takes real social events as an example to clearly demonstrate the interpretative and practical application of psychology on social issues.